Necrophilia in A Rose for Emily Essay - 744 Words

William Faulkners short story, A Rose for Emily is often held as a literary classic due to Faulkner?s ability to play with our mind and emotions almost to the point of frustration. However, there is much more than mind games that Faulkner plays that makes this story great. Emily Grierson, the main character, is a strong-willed stubborn old bitty, who was quite odd, this alone is a reason for greatness. To fully understand why Emily is the way that she is one must look past the obvious and truly look at Emily. Emily Grierson has a mental condition that is just itching to be discovered. Miss Emily was part of the highly revered Grierson family, the aristocrats of the town. They held themselves to a higher standard, and nothing or†¦show more content†¦Greirson knew that, saw it in Emily and thus the reason that she was kept in confinement her whole life. Another indicator if her mental illness comes with her father?s death. As her neighbors tried to offer condolences, she acted as if nothing had happened. She refused to acknowledge her father was dead. It took her three days to release his body to be buried. This cycle of her inability to accept death is continued through out the story. When the city officials came to Emily to collect taxes, she kept telling them to talk to Colonel Satoris, who at this point in time had been dead nearly ten years. Another indication of Emily?s mental condition is the insinuation of necrophilia. Simply put, necrophilia is a sexual attraction to corpses. The roots of Emily?s necrophilia are deep, and unique. Emily?s father controlled her all of her life. He made every little decision for her. For Emily her necrophilia is a way for her to have control, and have things be, for once, the way she wanted them to be. Emily refused to let they body of her father go. It is speculated that Emily and her father had an incestuous relationship with her father. After being abused for so long, Emily felt that she was regaining her own s elf by keeping her father and being able to do what she pleases with him. Another indicator of Emily?s necrophilia is pointed out at he end of the story. After Emily has died, the people of the town go into her house and break into her boarded up room, whereShow MoreRelatedNecrophilia1233 Words   |  5 PagesNecrophilia is a sexual arousal to corpses. Individuals who are attracted to corpses not only have intercourse with them. They also fantasize about the role play with that person. Necrophilia is considered a non-consensual act with a corpse because the dead cannot give consent. Abraham A. Bill who published the first book on necrophilia in 1941 had stated that these individuals are mentally deficient, psychotic, and incapable of obtaining a consenting partner. There are many range types for necrophiliacsRead MoreEssay about A Rose For Emily1037 Words   |  5 PagesPlot summary A Rose for Emily is a short story divided into five sections: Section one opens with a description of the Grierson home and its setting in Jefferson. The narrator mentions that over the past 25 years Miss Emily’s home has fallen into despair and become an eyesore among eyesores. The first sentence of the story sets the tone of how the citizens of Jefferson felt about Emily: When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to the funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affectionRead MoreSelf Destruction833 Words   |  4 Pagesor  addicting, and are thus potentially  fatal. â€Å"(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-destructive_behaviour). In William Faulkner’s short story, â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, Faulkner describe two types of self –destruction actions, first is the abusive relationship that the character Emily has with her father and also with the man she loves; second the social suicide, where Emily does not have a heath relationship with the rest of the citizens of the city where she leaves. During her entire life Emily’s father treatedRead MoreThe Voice of Faulkner in A Rose for Emily858 Words   |  3 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to describe and reflect on the vast array of emotions revealed by the tone in the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner. The obvious tones used in â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a sense of fear, curiosity, gloom and terror along with the more subtle irony, guilt, and complicity and resistance to change. Faulkner’s layout for this story was genius he left elusive clues for the reader with the use of foreshadowing and flashbacks yet the complex chronology addedRead MoreCompare and Contrast â€Å"the Flowers† and â€Å"a Rose for Emily† Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and Contrast â€Å"The Flowers† and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In comparing Alice Walker’s story â€Å"The Flowers† with that of William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† there are similarities and differences. The main difference in the stories is the way the characters react to the deaths. There are similarities such as the main characters of both stories personally face a dead body, both stories share the symbolism of flowers, and both present a theme of death. In â€Å"The Flowers,† Myop innocently stumblesRead MoreEssay on Hawthorne To Faulkner: The Evolution Of The Short Story1594 Words   |  7 Pagesand â€Å"A Rose for Emily† use a moral to endorse particular ideals or values. Through their characters examination and evaluation of one another, the author’s lesson is brought forth. The authors’ style of preaching morals is reminiscent of the fables of Aesop and the religious parables of the Old and New Testament. The reader is faced with a life lesson after reading Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown:† you cannot judge other people. A similar moral is presented in Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily.† The useRead MoreInsanity in A Rose for Emily Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesdynamics, race, gender, social class, war, incest, racism, suicide, necrophilia, and mental illness are just some of the aspects that Faulkner explored. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily† the aspects of ne crophilia and mental illness along with the societal biases that were observed in a small-town setting are seen to be a part of this captivating story. These aspects ultimately intertwine with the idea of insanity that characterizes â€Å"A Rose for Emily. Insanity is a medically diagnosed disease that shows that a personRead MoreGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 Pagesassessment of contemporary living. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† was written by William Faulkner and is an example of southern gothic literature. The story is set in the south, Mississippi specifically, and southern locale demonstrates one of the key characteristics of the gothic tradition. Looking deeper into Faulkner’s work, he uses different characteristics of the southern gothic literature genre, such as the old decaying mansion, macabre situations, the insanity of Miss Emily, and the black humor and irony thatRead MoreSouthern Gothic Literature And Deranged Characters Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesfollow their style. From necrophilia to serial killers, southern gothic literature is a genre that is to be studied with an open mind, and also having good grasp on studying context clues comes in handy. The author who had one of the biggest impacts on the southern gothic community was William Faulkner. A Rose for Emily suggests dark themes with hidden meanings beneath the text with blatant clues that lead up to the death of her lover, and the sick things she does to him. Emily started out as a beautifulRead MoreThe Two Main Characters Louise Mallard and Emily Grierson Are Both Similar and Dissimilar.861 Words   |  4 Pagesshort stories Story of an Hour and A Rose for Emily, the two main characters Louise Mallard and Emily Grierson are both similar and dissimilar. These two characters lived in similar ideological societies and they shared a similar pattern of development. But also they differed in their goals and how they thought they could achieve their goals. First, Emily Grierson and Louise Mallard both shared a common shackle, the society in which they lived. Both Emily and Louise were women, and they both

Cross Culture Of Cross Cultural Marriage - 1299 Words

Cross-cultural marriage is a marriage composed of two culturally diverse individual who independently posses distinct national cultures. Cheung (2005) stated that it is generally accepted in long-term marriage literature that the five â€Å"C† are important elements that contribute to long-term marital satisfaction. The five Cs are commitment, caring, communication, conflict and compromise, and contract which refers to the marital partners’ implicit and explicit expectations of each other and their marriages. Nowadays, cross-cultural marriage has become common trend in the world. People are no longer isolated from their geographical locations and cultures. Cross-culturally married couples are maintaining their relationship with great understanding and tolerance for each other. According to Frame (2004), â€Å"Over the last three decades there has been an unprecedented increase in interracial and intercultural marriage (p. 219).† However, one might disagree and as k whether cross-cultural marriage is always beneficial due to family issue and religion. Cross-culturally married couple faces many problem and tension almost every day in their life due to cultural differences but despite those conflicts, marriage can work if the couple addresses communication competencies and cultural differences. There are people who think and believe that cross-cultural marriage is difficult to maintain and doesn’t last long because of the involvement of family issues and religion. Cross-cultural andShow MoreRelatedCross Cultural Relationship Between People And People From Different Cultural Backgrounds Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesCross Cultural Relationships Abstract This term paper focuses on different types of relationships, be it personal, professional or marital, between people from different cultural backgrounds. The objective of this paper is to list out the ways in which to have a healthy relationship between people who are so different from each other. This has a major significance in today’s world as people are beginning to accept each other on a wider basis across nations and as a result there comes a situationRead MoreMy Big Fat Greek Wedding963 Words   |  4 Pagestime barred as far as getting a marriage partner is concerned. For this reason, she is willing and ready to be married to anyone regardless of his race, religion, or ethnicity. The importance of this setting is that it shows the cultural challenges that especially the immigrant families in America experience. While the parents may retain their cultural values when they migrate to America, children are born and bred in America and so for the children, the American c ulture is what they may know. Due toRead MoreThe Cultural Challenges Of A Chicago Greek Community870 Words   |  4 Pagestime barred as far as getting a marriage partner is concerned. For this reason, she is willing and ready to be married to anyone regardless of his ethnic racial or ethnicity. The importance of this setting is that it shows the cultural challenges that especially the immigrant families in America experience. While the parents may retain their cultural values when they migrate to America, children are born and bred in America and so for the children, the American culture is what they may know. BecauseRead MoreCross-Cultural Marriage954 Words   |  4 PagesCross-Cultural Marriage Sometimes people have no control over whom they begin a love relationship with. One does not see color, religion, culture, country, etc. difference, so it is very possible that someone may fall in love with a foreigner who has a totally different culture, which may result in a cross-cultural marriage. No matter how deeply this couple is in love with each other, differences will rise due to the variations in culture. Marrying someone with totally different culture willRead MoreEssay on Cross Cultural Perspectives828 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Cross Cultural Perspectives ETH 316 October 13, 2014 Cross Cultural Perspectives Multi-national companies from the U.S. hold a great advantage by working in and with other countries and cultures to make their products accessible to a much broader community.   When multi-nationals gains access into or with other companies/countries, it may be an assumption that because everyone inside the business is working for the same purpose, they are going to automatically communicate, thinkRead More Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentism - which is more objective?1042 Words   |  5 Pages To view one’s own culture as the universal by which all others are judged would be ultimately subjective, as our perceptions of cultural differences are shaped largely by our immersion in our own culture. An ethnocentric approach stems from judging an alternate culture in relation to one’s own pre-conceived cultural values, held to be superior; the parallax phenomenon, the inability to escape our own biases, prevents objective analysis of different cultures. A cultural relativist maintains the post-modernistRead MoreThe Cultural Aspects Of Family1237 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this essay will be to look at what is meant by the term ‘familyà ¢â‚¬â„¢ and to look at the differences of the term, when we study the family cross culturally. There are many different family forms which I will explore whilst writing this essay, along with the increasing family forms, and how they have changed over time. I will also be studying the cultural aspects of family both in Western and Non Western societies explaining how they differ to western families. ‘Kinship’ is said to be the foundationRead MoreIntercultural Marriage Is Not Just A Union Between Two Cultures827 Words   |  4 PagesIn addition to these basic problems, another major issue ascends about religion. Intercultural marriage is not just a union between two cultures, but also of two religions. Many a times, marriages face a breakup or divorce just because the two are not able to unite in terms of their respective religions. In such a situation, one partner either endure their own religion or change their preferences for the other. But, then they might have quar rels on religious matters when it comes to family or forRead MoreMarriage Is A Sacred Action, And The Bondage Between Individuals Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage is a sacred action, and the bondage between individuals is powerful. Marriage is one of the greatest moments in ones’ lifetime. Throughout different cultures marriage has a different meaning. In some groups, marriage and your spouse is not your decision and in others you can have multiple spouses. There are several different forms of marriage and different cultures practice those marriages in different ways. Marriage brings about happiness but in some cases it can bring grief and disciplineRead MoreAmy Tan s The Joy Luck Club Essay1567 Words   |  7 Pagesmother’s represent their heritage, tradition, culture, and native tongue. Their daughters; however embody America and its culture, along with language. Each mother and daughter share the emotional feeling of cultural separation between themselves a nd their relationship with each other. With their cross-cultural relationship, the daughters are at a stance with their mother, her upbringing, and wisdom. Through the mother’s stories, Amy Tan convey’s cross-cultural relationships amongst the mothers’ and daughters

Info Systems Syllabus free essay sample

A Ritter agreement between the student and the instructor specifying the work to be made up and the deadline for its accomplishment must be filed in the office of the Department Chair at the time that the l is submitted. The work agreed upon must be satisfactorily completed and the l changed no later than the end of the next regular (Fall or Spring) semester from the date the l was received unless an extension is requested by the instructor, or the grade will automatically be recorded as on the official transcript.A student will not receive a grade of I to allow more time to prepare course work in edition to that assigned to the entire class, time to repeat the entire course, or opportunity to raise a grade. Incomplete grades are not issued for student or faculty convenience; they may be issued only in the case of compelling, nonacademic circumstances beyond the students control. We will write a custom essay sample on Info Systems Syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ADMINISTRATIVE WITHDRAWAL Students who miss more than half of the required activities within the first 25% of the course without contacting the course professor may be administratively withdrawn from the course.Administrative withdrawal has serious consequences. Students may have to pay funds to Title IV financial aid programs. Administrative withdrawal will count toward the six-drop rule limiting the number of courses students are allowed to drop to no more than six courses over the entire undergraduate career. International students will not be eligible to continue enrollment if an administrative withdrawal results in a course load less than full-time. After the official record date, students may withdraw from classes and receive a W on their permanent records.This deadline to withdraw is specified in the Academic Calendar for each enrollment period. Students who do not outdraw before the deadline may not be given a W on the final grade sheet. Students may withdraw from all of their classes through Scorpion Online. The student is responsible for ensuring that their request is processed by the withdrawal deadline specified. At the instructors discretion, and consistent with the policy stated on the course syllabus, an instructor may withdraw a student from class for non-attendance. An instructor-initiated withdrawal may result in a W or an P on the students permanent record.For this online course, three missed assignments will place a student in prepared of being dropped from the course. The third missed assignment will trigger an email asking for a meeting with the student. The meeting will be held in person or through KEEP. Failure to make this appointment within 15 calendar days of such email will result in a recommendation to the Dean for withdrawal from the course. Whether the withdrawal results in a W or an F will depend on the withdrawal date. A student can withdraw at any point in the process before this date. ACADEMIC STANDING To remain in good academic standing undergraduate students are expected o maintain a cumulative grade point average (GAP) of at least 2. 00 (C average) for all work attempted at UT B. Academic standing is computed each regular semester (I. E. , Fall or Spring) for every u TAB student, including transfer and dual coursework and BEECH and MASS students; transient students are held to the standards of their home institution, not to those of UT B. Students who fail to maintain the minimum required grade point average of 2. 00 in all work attempted at CITE will be placed on academic probation. At the end of the probationary semester, students who have earned a cumulative GAP of . 00 or higher will be changed to GOOD STANDING status. At the end of the probationary semester, students who have NOT earned a cumulative GAP of 2. 00 and who have NOT earned a semester GAP of 2. 00 or higher will be changed to SUSPENSION status. At the end of the probationary semester, students who have NOT earned a cumulative GAP of 2. 00, but who have earned a semester GAP of 2. 00 or higher will continue on PROBATION until their cumulative GAP is 2. 00, as long as each semester GAP is 2. 00 or higher.

What Key Decisions Did Hitchcock Make free essay sample

Voyeurism is undoubtedly the most recognizable feature in Hitchcock ivies, similarly addressed in each movie in the form of an assault, where the audiences dimension of voyeurism feels somewhat compromised as the characters of each movie are poetically punished for their voyeurism following an eloquent, skin crawling suspense, causing both the audience and characters to reflect and question the voyeurism we are somewhat predetermined to do. In Rear Window, the protagonist infers that the salesman across the street has killed his wife after spending an inordinate amount of time observing his neighbors for his own leisure. Unwittingly, the audience gains pleasure from watching others too. When the protagonist is ultimately attacked by the person he is watching, this can be construed as the director attacking the audiences voyeurism, leading to suspense. The fear of the protagonist being attacked creates suspense, since, similarly to the incapacitated protagonist who can only watch, the audience is forced to watch, both being unable to act. We will write a custom essay sample on What Key Decisions Did Hitchcock Make or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A common, albeit subtle theme found in The Birds is the incessant bird watching, by both the characters and the audience. The voyeurs tools (eyes) being destroyed by their subject serves as a commentary on the audiences voyeurism. Shots of birds flying at and attacking the screen give the impression the voyeuristic audience being attacked. This is another example of voyeurism being associated with suspense, the primary element for which Hitchcock is known and which contributes to his widespread reputation as an auteur. In Psycho, Norman Bates (and concordantly the audience) watches Marion undress in a stereotypical voyeuristic manner. The famous shower scene begins with an extreme close-up shot of the killers eye as he watches Marion behind the shower curtain and the anticlimactic antecedent of Marinas open eye in the shower, demonstrating the punishment that entails voyeurism similar to what is found in The Birds, where the tool used for voyeurism is focused on. Not only did this punishment follow from Normals grotesque voyeuristic practice of watching Marion, but also from Marion watching Norman Jog up steps and into his home. This enforces Hitchcock thematic element of the voyeurism inherent in the audiences nature. In conclusion, Hitchcock employment of unique thematic and ideological factors in his movies Psycho, The Birds and Rear Window expose his creative input and thus instantiate him as an auteur. His use of the thematic concern of voyeurism and its constituent ideological concern of the effect and punishment of voyeurism illustrate Hitchcock creative authority in contriving these tells and concordantly the consistency o elements demonstrates his deuterium. T these

Critically assess the representation of race Essay Example

Critically assess the representation of race Essay Example Critically assess the representation of race Essay Critically assess the representation of race Essay Critically assess the representation of race in British media The OED defines a race’ as a major division of world, holding distinguishable physical features ; a group of people sharing the same civilization, history, linguistic communication, etc.’ ( 2002 ) . It is non clear that the construct of race’ can be aligned with that of ethnicity’ , which latter is taken as a strictly physical appellation. One’s ethnicity does non imply any cultural features: one can be an ethnically Arab Buddhist, Jew or atheist. As I understand the construct race’ it implies somewhat more than the baldly physical ; by and large the construct is considered besides to connote cultural features. This is a elusive differentiation and non an absolute one, for of class one might depict our atheist as either ethnically Arab, or from the Arab race. Still, in ordinary linguistic communication the construct race’ has somewhat thicker intensions than the construct of ethnicity’ . Just so, race’ is correspondent to gender’ in holding both a physical facet and a societal facet. And, like gender, the naturalness of racial differentiations has historically sanctioned different attitudes to persons from different races. Due merely to the coloring material of tegument they were born with, many 19Thursdaycentury Americans truly believed that they were superior to black people. The fact that race has an obvious [ 1 ] physical foundation explains the hardiness of beliefs that people from different races were besides different in other ways. This easy led to beliefs in high quality over other races, peculiarly races that were intellectually and technically less good developed. Hall ( 1990, p.9 ) puts this point therefore: since ( like gender ) race appears to be given by Nature, racism is one of the most profoundly naturalised of bing ideologies’ . This naturalization is natural, but it does non go on by thaumaturgy. Rather it is the consequence of the standardization of attitudes and be liefs actively held in society. It issues from the consequences of our efforts to understand ourselves and each other. The our’ in that last sentence is of import: this is an activity carried out by society, through the assorted channels that exist in society to administer information and thoughts. Therefore the media has a strongly cardinal function. Hall continues ( 1990, p.11 ) , the media construct for us a definition of what race is, what intending the imagination of race carries, and what the problem of race is understood to be’ . That is to state, they help to sort out the universe in footings of the classs of race . Of class all media mercantile establishments are cognizant of this duty. All take great attention to avoid being labeled racist’ . Even utmost rightist parties call themselves nationalist, non racist. As Miles and Brown note, the British National Party is non the British Racial Party, the GallicFront Nationalis non heFront Racial, and its leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, denounced his former deputy, Bruno Megret, who had formed a rival nationalist’ party, as racist ( 2003, p.4 ) . The mainstream and telecasting media mercantile establishments pay scrupulous attending to their end product, guaranting that it accords with strictly classless criterions. They frequently set up in-house watchdogs to maintain a close oculus on this facet of their end product. But media does non run in a vacuity. There is a dialectic relationship between public sentiment and media sentiment. Apparently racist attitudes are now taboo in most states ; few people would comfortably mention to a black individual as a nigger’ , or claim that an Indian gentleman is unclean’ . Care is taken by every group in society to avoid behavior that could do offense to other races. But racist attitudes persist. It seems to be a affair of psychological fact that single and group individualities require to be constructed in contradistinction to others. For this ground, a reasonably natural administration of human existences finds them separated into smallish groups, provinces. These provinces are frequently coterminous with states ( though there are fewer provinces than states ) and states are frequently coterminous with races ( though there are fewer states than races ) . So when provinces are at war with each other, frequently each side thinks of itself instead otherwise from how it thinks about its resistance. Since the persons on each side have defined themselves in resistance to those on the other, they frequently believe themselves to bebetterthan their oppositions, which is to state that they look down on their oppositions. The ability to show felicity at resistance loss of life illustrates this exhaustively sinful attitude to the value of life on each side. National media frequently e xacerbate this perceptual experience of inequality. Phillip Knightly notes that during the Vietnam War, racism became a loyal virtuousness. All Vietnamese became dinks , slopes , slants , or gooks , and the merely good one was a dead 1. So the Americans killed them when it was clear that they were Vietcong, and they killed them when it was clear they were non Vietcong’ ( 1982, p.354 ) . Journalist James Cameron makes a similar point when discoursing his clip coverage on the struggle: I had been to Hanoi, and returned obsessed with the impression that I had no professional justification left if I did non at least attempt to do the point that North Viet Nam, despite all Washington statements to the contrary, was inhabited by human beings†¦and that to destruct their state and their lives with high explosives and crude oil jelly was no manner to bring around them of their defects†¦ This decision, when expressed in printed or telecasting news media, was by and large held to be, if non downright arch, so surely non-objectiv e, within the footings of mention of a newspaper adult male, on the evidences that it was proclaimed as a point of view†¦ To this of class there could be no reply whatsoever, except that objectiveness in some fortunes is both meaningless and impossible’ ( 1997, p.172 ) . This attack is by no agencies an American phenomenon ; precisely the same state of affairs arose in Britain in the early 1980s during the Falklands struggle. The Argies’ were cast as the enemy. TheTimessthundered that the invasion was an demonstrably evil act’ and declared that we’ were all Falklanders now’ ( Allan, 2004, p.160 ) . Newspapers across the political spectrum depicted the Argentine people in savage terms’ ( Ibid. p.160 ) . TheSunfamously published the headline GOTCHA! ’ , denoting the narrative of theGeneral Belgrano, an Argentine patrol car that was sunk with the loss of 1,200 lives. Resistance figures in countless other struggles have been ridicule d and demonized: mad dog’ Muhamar Gadaffi of Libya, evil, drug-running dictator’ General Manual Noriega of Panama, and the new Hitler’ , Saddam Hussein ( Ibid. p.160 ) . This expressed maneuver is combined with a less obvious lingual maneuver, the intent of which is to pull a crisp contrast between the civilized us’ and the barbaric them’ . By this crisp contrast the media exactly categorise the universe in footings of race’ . In making so, nevertheless, they are non exceeding the racism of public sentiment, but indulging it. Media does non be in a vacuity, and the content of the media can non moderately be expected to change significantly from the content of public sentiment. This is for two grounds. First, evaluations. An aloof, detached, moralistic media will be ignored and so will neglect in its function as sender of information and voice of public sentiment. It seems instead vulgar to state that theSunmight hold engaged in racialist mottos to sell transcripts, but it about surely has done. The media’s duty to cultivate benign societal norms merely extends so far. Furthermore, other forces militate against a more moralistic media function. Entman has argued that dumbing-down and sensationalism in the media is taking to a signifier of intelligence coverage that encourages ill will against certain racial groups. Local intelligence, in peculiar, paints a image of inkinesss as violent and endangering toward Whites, self-interested and demanding toward the organic structure politic – continually doing jobs for the observant, tax-paying majority’ ( 1997, p.29 ) . Entman argues that the media are making clime of fright between the dominan t in-group’ ( Whites ) and the out-group’ ( other races ) in society. African Americans, Air Combat Command to Les Payne ofNewsdaymagazine, are disproportionately included in negative coverage – as cocottes, drug traders, public assistance receivers, second-story work forces, unwed mothers’ ( cited in Dates and Pease 1997, p.79 ) . Second, journalists are people excessively. When non at their twenty-four hours occupation, their thoughts and feelings contribute every bit much as anyone else’s to public sentiment, and they are merely as susceptible to the thoughts of the twenty-four hours as others. Be it non so, the media would non be able to stand for the spectrum of public sentiment with efficiency and unity. Ideas go in both waies. This unfortunately means that the media can strengthen sinful societal norms every bit good as undermine them: Singh: what passes for intelligence has to be geared to demand, and unhappily the manner to gain prevarications in gratifying to baser human inherent aptitudes and biass. It is this that leads newspapers, for illustration, to transporting streamer headlines: Asian landlord evicts renter for eating beef’ while on an inside page there is a much smaller point describing an temblor in which more than 5,000 people have died’ ( Singh, 1998, p.74 ) . Hall sum s the point up good ( 1990, p.20 ) : what defines how the media map is the consequence of a set of complex, frequently contradictory, societal dealingss ; non the personal dispositions of its members’ . One obvious beginning of prejudice is the fact that the bulk of British journalists are white and male. In 1998 Ainley reported that newsmans from cultural minorities account for less than 1 % of British journalists. Even if all 99 % of these white journalists were fastidious in their efforts at racial nonpartisanship, it is rather impossible to believe that they could win, for their cognition and apprehension of the universe will needfully be some map of their cultural background. And in any instance, greater diverseness of staff will non needfully interpret in to more diverse signifiers of intelligence coverage. As de Uriarte argues, there is a prism of hegemony’ through which the impression of journalistic objectivity has long been white and remains so today’ ( 1997, p.144 ) . Again, the differentiation between the recognized us’ ( the Whites ) and those implicitly taken as other’ ( other races ) , goes on to inform societal norms. In order to analyze the effects of this racism in the British media more closely, it will assist to convey in Hall’s ( 1990 ) differentiation between overt’ racism and inferential’ racism. Overt’ racism refers to media coverage given to openly racist places and statements. The publications of the British Nationalist Party, for illustration, are overtly racist, for they preach a differentiation of importance between different races ( British and other’ ) . In a similar manner, newspapers such as theDaily Mailand theSunare frequently overtly racist. The former’s attitude towards immigrants is doubtless overtly racialist: their place is that non-British people desire to come to Britain to take occupations that belong to British people, to direct net incomes out of Britain, to overthrow the incorporate British civilization and, by and large, to increase offense, poorness and disease. We have already seen grounds of racism in theSun. But there is enough more. Allan ( 2004, p.146 ) analyses a shocking 1998 column which ridicules Islamic esthesias, mentioning to Muslims as pig headed’ bigots’ , impeaching them of daft’ racial and spiritual intolerance’ , and trying to impose their civilization in a Christian country’ ; the column exhorts the good British reader non to put up with this sort of nonsense’ . As these newspapers circulate and popularize openly racist thoughts, they legitimise them: racism becomes acceptable – and therefore, non long after, true – merely common sense: what everyone knows and is openly saying’ ( 1990, p.13 ) . The column squads from these administrations defend their attack on duplicate evidences that they are merely reflecting public sentiment, and have a right to freedom of address. I have already discussed the first ground, which I take to be true but unfortunate, and with respect to which one can merely press these administrations to take more duty and possibly a short-run loss of gross revenues. The 2nd ground is a good 1. But this pro tanto ground for printing racist stuff is outweighed by two farther grounds. First the publication of this material causes great offense and so harm to racial minorities ; this injury in itself may be a sufficient ground to curtail the freedom of address. Second, the publication of this stuff fortifies sinful societal norms, so undermining equality. Equality is a requirement of democracy on a par with freedom of address and its protection is a sufficient ground to curtail freedom of address. This consideration of societal norms leads to the 2nd facet of Hall’s differentiation. Inferential racism refers to those apparently naturalized representations of state of affairss where racialist premises or propositions are being inscribed in the media coverage as a set of undisputed premises. These representations enable racist statements to be formulated without of all time conveying into consciousness the racialist predicates on which the statements are grounded’ ( Hall, 1990, p.13 ) . The inexplicit premises of preponderantly white staff arguably facilitate the naturalization of racialist norms even more expeditiously than their open dictums. Images of white civilians disrupted by barbate Muslims every clip there is a terrorist menace are far more effectual at conveying a message about the difference between them’ and us’ than a intelligence article saying that bearded Muslims are unsafe terrorists, and we civilised inexperienced persons. This diffe rentiation underpins the different tactics discussed above: open racism is found in the expressed ridicule of resistance leaders and the enemy’ , illative racism is found in the less obvious inclination to discourse dealingss between different races as between us’ and them’ . Again the dialectic between public sentiment and media sentiment comes into drama here. As Hacker ( 1997, p.74 ) points out, all the major intelligence administrations have preponderantly white audiences, a bottom line’ which black employees are expected to understand and appreciate’ . News must be pitched to white readers, in ways Whites can square with their prepossessions and perceptions’ ( Hacker, 1997, p.72 ) . Furthermore, slightly ironically, the outstanding success of the run against open racism – the tabu against racism of any kind – has had the unfortunate consequence of driving racism, so to talk, undercover. It’s easier to cover racial narratives in the conventional superficial mode and maintain a palpebra on feelings. In newsrooms, race is normally discussed warily. Black newsmans, for illustration, are frequently loath to talk up for fright of being tagged complainers. Meanwhile, white newsmans bite their linguas for fright of b eing labeled racialists, the most scalding name in the intelligence concern today’ ( Gissler, 1997, p.110-111 ) . So while there have been major successes in the run against racism in British media, there remain some hard jobs. British media reflects British public sentiment, and British public sentiment is traditionally instead insular and petty. Racism in the British media will non be eradicated until the British public become better educated and informed about its topographic point in the universe and the profound similarities between individuals of all races. But the rhythm will non be barbarous if the media is prepared to accept a small more duty for both open and illative racial messages. Bibliography Ainlee, B. 1998.Black Journalists, White Media. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham. Allan, S. 2004.News Culture.Maidenhead, Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. Cameron, J. 1997.Journalism: a trade, in Bromley, M. A ; O’Malley, T. ( explosive detection systems )A Journalism Reader. London: Routledge. Cohen, P. A ; Gardner, C. ( explosive detection systems ) . 1982.It Ain’t Half Racist, Mum. London: Comedia Publishing Group. Dates, J.L. A ; Pease, E.C. 1997.Falsifying the World – Media’s Mangled Images of Race. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C.The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Entman, R.M. 1992.African Americans harmonizing to Television intelligence. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gandy, Jr, O.H. 1997.From Bad to Worse: The Media’s Framing of Race and Risk. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gissler, S. 1997.Newspapers’ quest for racial fairness. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gray, H. 1995.Watching Race: Television and the Struggle for Blackness’ .Minneapolis A ; London: University of Minnesota Press. Hacker, A. 1997Are the media truly white?In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Miles, R A ; Brown, M. 2003.Racism, 2neodymiumerectile dysfunction. London: Routledge. Singh, I. 1998.Minorities and the Media. Contemporary Issues in British Journalism. The 1998 Vauxhall Lectures, Cardiff: Centre for Journalism Studies, Cardiff University. de Uriarte, M.L. 1997.Exploring ( and detonating ) the U.S. media prism. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. 1

The History of Latin America in the Colonial Era

The History of Latin America in the Colonial Era Latin America has seen wars, dictators, famines, economic booms, foreign interventions, and a whole assortment of varied calamities over the years. Each and every period of its history is crucial in some way to understanding the present-day character of the land. Even so, the Colonial Period (1492-1810) stands out as being the era that did the most to shape what Latin America is today. There are six things you need to know about the Colonial Era. The Native Population Was Wiped Out Some estimate that the population of Mexico’s central valleys was around 19 million before the arrival of the Spanish. It had dropped to two million by 1550. That’s just around Mexico City. Native populations on Cuba and Hispaniola were all but wiped out, and every native population in the New World suffered some loss. Although the bloody conquest took its toll, the main culprits were diseases like smallpox. The natives had no natural defenses against these new diseases, which killed them far more efficiently than the conquistadors ever could. Native Culture Was Forbidden Under Spanish rule, native religion and culture were severely repressed. Whole libraries of native codices (they’re different than our books in some ways, but essentially similar in look and purpose) were burned by zealous priests who thought that they were the work of the Devil. Only a handful of these treasures remain. Their ancient culture is something that many native Latin American groups are currently trying to regain as the region struggles to find its identity. The Spanish System Promoted Exploitation Conquistadores and officials were granted encomiendas, which basically gave them certain tracts of land and everyone on it. In theory, the encomenderos were supposed to look after and protect the people that were in their care, but in reality, it was often nothing more than legalized slavery. Although the system did allow for natives to report abuses, the courts functioned exclusively in Spanish, which essentially excluded most of the native population, at least until very late in the Colonial Era. Existing Power Structures Were Replaced Before the arrival of the Spanish, Latin American cultures had existing power structures, mostly based on castes and nobility. These were shattered as the newcomers killed off the most powerful leaders and stripped the lesser nobility and priests of rank and wealth. The lone exception was Peru, where some Inca nobility managed to hold onto wealth and influence for a time, but as the years went on, even their privileges were eroded into nothing. The loss of the upper classes contributed directly to the marginalization of native populations as a whole. Native History Was Rewritten Because the Spanish did not recognize native codices and other forms of record-keeping as legitimate, the history of the region was considered open for research and interpretation. What we know about pre-Columbian civilization comes to us in a jumbled mess of contradictions and riddles. Some writers seized the opportunity to paint earlier native leaders and cultures as bloody and tyrannical. This, in turn, allowed them to describe the Spanish conquest as a liberation of sorts. With their history compromised, it is difficult for today’s Latin Americans to get a grasp on their past. Colonists Were There to Exploit, Not Develop The Spanish (and Portuguese) colonists who arrived in the wake of the conquistadores wanted to follow in their footsteps. They did not come to build, farm, or ranch. In fact, farming was considered a very lowly profession among the colonists. These men therefore harshly exploited native labor, often without thinking about the long-term. This attitude severely stunted the economic and cultural growth of the region. Traces of this attitude are still found in Latin America, such as the Brazilian celebration of malandragem, a way of life of petty crime and swindling. Analysis Just as psychiatrists study the childhood of their patients in order to understand the adult, a look at the â€Å"infancy† of modern Latin America is necessary to truly comprehend the region today. The destruction of whole cultures - in every sense - left the majority of the population lost and struggling to find their identities, a struggle which continues to this day. The power structures put in place by the Spanish and Portuguese still exist. Witness the fact that Peru, a nation with a large indigenous population, finally elected the first native president in its long history. This marginalization of native people and culture is ending, and as it does many in the region are trying to find their roots. This fascinating movement bears watching in the years to come.

The Necessity of Coed Classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Necessity of Coed Classes - Essay Example That assumption is not backed by research or study but only on the notion that the opposite sex is a distraction to study. The perceived advantage is even overshadowed by its numerous drawbacks. By making a class exclusive for boys or girls, the students become socially inadequate to relate to the other gender because of their lack of exposure and training on how to deal with the opposite sex. Students will become less confident and they could even become insensitive because their social vocabulary and competence about the opposite sex are inadequate. Social competence is also important because students will have to deal with other people including the opposite sex when they are already in the workplace when they become professionals someday. Education is not only limited to academics. It also includes how to deal with people appropriately. A good education will become useless if the person cannot work or deal with other people. Dealing with other people is particularly important if a person will become professional someday. A businessperson has to deal with clients, suppliers, employees, a doctor to his or her patient, an employee to his or her teammates and so on and so forth. It only meant that it is inevitable that we will be dealing with other people someday and it would be better if the students are trained early by integrating boys and girls in a class. Making a class exclusive to boys or girls makes a student socially inadequate. The structure of gender exclusivity does not inspire confidence among students because of the lack of exposure towards the other gender making their emotional and social vocabulary limited. This will result in a lower self-esteem among students which could be disastrous when they become professionals.

Some the schemes used to solve Latin America Debt Crisis of the 1980s Essay - 1

Some the schemes used to solve Latin America Debt Crisis of the 1980s can be use to the current EU Crisis - Essay Example The Baker plan and the Brady plan can solve the present economic crisis in Europe because they focus on growth of the economy. Countries in Latin America succeeded in solving their debt crisis in 1980s using the two schemes. According to research by economists in Europe, the Brady plan is more effective because it emphasizes on debt reduction. In Mexico, investors’ debts were cleared using the guidelines of the plan (Habermas & Ciaran 107). Interestingly, the Brady plan and the Baker plan are approaches that America use when handling financial crisis for the developing countries. The two plans advocate for sound economic policies when enhancing growth. According to Habermas, & Ciaran (14), the strategy should target least developed economies. The Baker plan identified the countries that needed aid before formulating policies that restructure the economy. This is an indication that European countries should classify their economies before coming up with corrective measures. According to the plan, extending governments should extend the maturity period for loans for countries such as Greece. This will cushion the citizens from crisis. Member countries in the European Union will have to restructure their financial system to improve the economy. The plan equally advocates for intervention by the IMF in aiding ailing economies. IMF should increase lending to commercial banks. Additionally, developed countries should voluntarily reduce debts for ailing economies. The EU government should seek support from Asian economies in creating a balance. For example, the government can encourage the swapping of bonds with creditors from China. This is preferable in the case of Greece. According to Habermas, & Ciaran (2), Latin America received support from Japan in averting their financial crisis. Although the strategy worked in Latin America, it is difficult to estimate the magnitude of a crisis using

HPE - Tennis Research Assignment Essay Example for Free

HPE Tennis Research Assignment Essay By using my knowledge and understanding of skill acquisition principles, psychology of learning and biomechanics, I have produced a six-week tennis training program. Incorporated in this report are the types of feedback used, the research laboratories carried out, and the design, analysis and evaluation of my coaching program.  Research Laboratories  Three research laboratories (See Appendices A, B and C) were carried out to assist in the development of my coaching program. These laboratories were on different types of feedback, the importance of accurate feedback and the use of feedback in mental rehearsal. The results from these labs provided me with a guide as to which type and the amount of feedback needed for a successful coaching program. Background Overview  Types of Feedback  There are many different types of feedback that can be used to enhance ones performance. Generally, the more precise the feedback, the more accurate the performance will become. (Amezdroz, G., Davis, D., Dickens, S., Hosford, G., 1999, 2001. Queensland Senior Physical Education, Macmillan Education Australia, South Yarra, Australia.) The types of feedback used in my coaching program were: Knowledge of performance-general performance this was used for the early stage of my coaching program when I needed a clear picture in my head to compare my actual performance with, eg. correct stance when serving. This type of feedback was provided to me by the coach, teacher and/or fellow participants in my program. I also watched my performances on video so I actually saw where I was going wrong and could then work on my motor skills. Positive feedback this was given when I successfully completed a task. Positive feedback encouraged me to try again and persevere with the learning. This was used throughout the whole duration of the coaching program.  Knowledge of performance-specific this was used in the later stage of my program. When I completed executing a movement or skill I was told on what I was doing wrong, and what to do to improve on my performance, eg. my ball toss was too low and I would therefore rush to hit the ball or simply miss it. By throwing the ball higher I give myself ample time to raise the racquet to hit the ball. Knowledge of performance gave me more detailed technical information to improve my skills. Concurrent (continuous) feedback this was, as the name states, a continuous form of feedback given throughout the coaching and practice sessions.  Augmented (external) feedback this type of feedback was provided both visually and verbally. I viewed a video of my performance and analysed what I was doing in/correct.  Design and Analysis of Coaching Program  At the beginning of my training I was at the late Cognitive stage of learning. I had little experience and knowledge of the game of tennis. During the six weeks of training I learnt and began to understand the skills needed and the rules of the game. I have now progressed through to the early Associative stage as demonstrated by my ability to effectively serve in both courts. The coaching program was based on distributive practice. This is where I would have short, practice sessions of a skill followed by a short break. For example, after doing 10 serves in both right and left court I was given a 2 minute break. During the break I would visualise in my head, the skills I had just learnt, and then the correct way to execute it. After the rest interval I would then carry out the skills. Improvements could be seen by me placing 50% of first serves and 75% of second serves in court. Whole-part learning was incorporated into the coaching program. This is when I would learn the whole skill at once, then break it down and concentrate on certain components that I was having difficulty with. Eg., learning to serve in tennis:  1. An explanation and demonstration on how to serve the ball was given  2. I carried out the serve like I had been shown  3. The serve was broken down into each skill associated with it that I was having problems with. Ie, stance, ball toss.  4. Each skill was then learnt and completed with success  5. All skills were then put together and a full serve was executed Mental rehearsal was also a very important factor in improving my tennis performance. By zoning out before a training session I would allow myself to block out all factors including spectators, noises, etc., and concentrate fully on the task at hand. An example of one of the main mental rehearsal activities I undertook was bouncing the tennis ball 2-4 times before serving. The research laboratories carried out gave an indication on why the types of practice and feedback I incorporated in my program would be more useful than any others. For example, a lab indicated that the more precise feedback we were given, the greater improvement we made on our performances.

The Misconceptions Of The Jungle By Upton Sinclair Essay examples -- e

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upton Sinclair had always insisted that The Jungle was misread but did he ever think it could have been miswritten? The style of writing is not effective when addressing issues in a capitalistic society but proves to be very effective when exposing the secrets of the meatpacking industry. The novel is not remembered for being a classic work in literature but rather an important book in history in that it changed the way America looked at food in the early part of the century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sinclair loses his argument for Socialism at around the time when the characters in the book lose their humanity. The multitude of unfortunate situations and events makes the story more and more unrealistic and the reader loses a sense of compassion for the characters. Now, instead of being characters, they become objects in which the most you can do is pity them. When Jurgis comes home from jail to find his barely eighteen year-old wife dying, the third person omniscient narration guides the reader through the mind of Jurgis: â€Å"She was dead! She was dead! He would never see her again, never hear her again! An icy horror of loneliness seized him.† (190) After Ona’s death, one could not anticipate anything more to go wrong, but it does. In just a short time later, Jurgis’ son Antanas drowned in the street. It is extremely obvious that Sinclair is a Socialist himself. Anything and everything that could go wrong in the first three quarters of th...

Jacob Essay

The story of Jacob takes place in Genesis 25-36 detailing the events of his life; however, the background setting starts with Abraham and Sarah, in Genesis 12. Jacob was the son of Isaac and Rebekah, the grandson of Sarah and Abraham. Throughout the bible Jacob is known for his trickery; however it is not until towards the end is the fulfillment of Abraham’s promise. The name Jacob actually means trickster. But in the end Jacob makes a full turn He was a very manipulative character and tricked his brother out of his birth right and final blessing. However he then is tricked by Laban. Many would call this karma. Jacob’s character and actions maybe the blame of his parents. The bible shows that his parent were quite different the Abraham and Sarah. Abraham and Sarah for the majority of the story displays them as supportive, working together relationships; however much is not told about the relationship of Isaac and Rebekah. Better yet, not much is mentioned about Isaac at all, this maybe lead to believe that he did not have a significant role in the story. Rebekah is displayed as the more aggressive one while Isaac is considered more passive. Isaac did not go out and find his own wife, his father’s servant went and found one for him; all suggesting that Isaac was passive when it came to taking initiative. During this timeframe, Jacob may have been characterized as a â€Å"momma boy†. Genesis 25:27 says that Jacob stayed in camp while his brother became a skillful hunter. This in turns causes Rebekah to favor Jacob. The relationship between Rebekah and Jacob is similar to that of Joseph and his father. Jacob was much weaker than his brother Esau. The relationship of Jacob and Esau goes beyond traditional sibling jealously; but, it is a story of deceit and robbery. This is evident at birth when Jacob is born holding on to the heel of Esau. By order of birth Esau was entitled to the birthright; however, the promise of blessings was on the life of Jacob. Jacob and Esau had two different personalities. Esau was a hairy man, while Jacob was hairless. Esau was favored by Isaac because â€Å"he had a taste for game† (Genesis 25: 28), meaning Jacob was something Isaac was not or could not have been. Esau had a more carefree personality; he did not take much serious; including his birth right. Many stories of the birthright would say that Jacob stole the birthright; however, it seems as if Esau freely gave his birthright in exchange for food. Esau did not understand the importance of his birthright, but Jacob did. Jacob realized the significance of being born first and the bible even says in verse 34 Esau despised his birthright. Jacob stole the blessing from Esau during his father’s death. Esau felt that his father favored him. He may have even felt that God favored Jacob, because Jacob got his birthright and now got the final blessing from his father. Esau eventually has enough and tried to kill him. Jacob’s relationship with God was impatient in the beginning. In the 26th chapter is when Abraham’s promise begins to be fulfilled. One might question as to why Jacob still received the promises of Abraham after all of the manipulating and deceiving he did. Even though Jacob proved himself to be unfaithful, by tricking Esau, lying to Abimelch, he still received the promises that were promised to Abraham. A famine hit the land and Jacob was still able to prosper, his crops produced one hundred fold, he was rich and even found favor with the Philistines. All these fulfill the promises of Abraham. One might say Jacob’s manipulation finally caught up with. Jacob fell in love with the daughter of Laban who in the end tricks him into marrying his eldest daughter. Laban got 7 years of work from him and then an additional seven years.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly Essay

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly (12 marks) Most criminologists would agree that the majority of criminal and/or deviant behaviour both stems and/or develops during either childhood or the early years of adolescence. Therefore, many how deduced that the adequacy of socialising in the home by parents is likely to have an effect and possible even result in teenage criminal and deviant behaviour. This essay will therefore discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly. According to functionalists, one of the key roles of parents is to appropriately socialise children to become good citizens of society. However, in conjunction to this, it has also been theorised that failure to appropriately socialise a child at home may lead to criminal and/or deviant behaviour later on in life. This may be that the parents them self’s display criminal and/or deviant behaviour, which that child them copy’s and learns. The new right approach for example theorises that children from a parentally deprived home are more likely to look for guidance and comfort elsewhere and are more prone to crime. They are therefore more likely to find role models in such situations who they aspire to grow up like. The Marxist theory of alienation however is another factor that sociologists have recognised. Marxist theorise that young, impressionable adolescences often feel pressurised by those in power who often use the law to benefit themselves and are therefore forced in to demeaning work. Due to this, many turn to crime in order to be able to control what they do but also get certain objects that they may not have been able to receive should they have stayed on the other side of the law, objects which the rich and powerful are usually the only ones to receive. Therefore, Marxists would agree that while failure to properly socialise children is an important factor in why teenagers turn to crime and delinquency, the oppression of the bourgeois is just as far reaching. In regards to teenage behaviour, labelling is a common factor found right across the board. Whether it is in school, in peer groups, in the neighbourhood or even in the home, labelling can eventually lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. If a child is labelled as a delinquent early on in life, it is extremely likely that that child will eventually become to believe it they are told it enough. They will therefore begin in act as they have been labelled and become criminal and/or deviant. Many sociologist would agree that labelling is a major factor in why teenager criminally and/or deviantly. Another factor is peer pressure within a sub-culture. Sub-cultures are a common day thing in many environments, especially in school. Most of them in areas of material and capital deprivation have developed a laddish sub-culture, where you must be tough and hard in order to be popular where as those who do well in academics are often viewed as uncool and nerdy. Therefore, many teenagers are pressured in to behaving criminally and or/deviantly by the threat of being socially outcast and labelled as uncool by their peers. Therefore, many sociologists would agree that peer pressure within a sub-culture does affect the criminal and/or deviant behaviour of teenagers today, possibly more so than poor socialisation in some situations. In this essay, I have explained four different factors that can affect how deviant and/or criminal teenagers behave in today’s society. However, although poor parenting may result in teenager criminal and deviant behaviour, other factors such as the Marxist theory of alienation, labelling and peer pressure within a sub-culture affect teenagers just as much as poor socialisation by parents.

Years of Change essays

Years of Change essays 4. The hopes and dreams of the League of Nation were quite realistic, although they simply rushed into them to fast. First of all, they tried to maintain the Treaty of Versailles. This frustarated Germany from the start, because they felt as though their honor was robbed from them. Later on, the League did not even notice the country reassembling their military troops, something the treaty outlawed. Trying to keep peace between Germany and the rest of the world was a realistic goal, but they simple did not go about it in the right way. Another reason that their realistic dreams of peace did not work was because they got started during an economical slump. The aftermath of the war left many countries with little money and trying to maintain perfect peace with no supplies was hard for many to do. The goals of the League of Nations were not complete quixotic, but they were just brought about in the wrong time, with the wrong forces behind it. 5. The Locarno treaty was very significant in the fact that it showed peace almost to be possible. Signed in 1925, the treaty was a reinforcement of the Treaty of Versailles. It seemed to secure peace between Europe's two biggest enemies; France and Germany. Germany decided to join the League of Nations after the signing of this treaty, putting her back into the international community. The League believed that after the signing of this treaty, a new era of peace would begin. Yet, each had a weakness that proved to be it's fatal flaw. The treaty of Lacarno was quite important in the fact that it showed the League of Nations dreams to be somewhat realistic. Although they had their problems, for one moment in time, there was peace between the worst of rivals. This shows that even though the League, to many, failed, it accomplished to demonstrate the kind of peace they were aiming for, even if it was only for a split second. 6. The economy collapse and the following of the Wall ...

How to Make a Thesis

How to Make a Thesis How to Make a Thesis How to Make a ThesisYou can make hundreds of attempts to formulate a thesis statement, still, fail to do it. The reason is that it is difficult to make a thesis from scratch. Developing a thesis statement is not the outburst of inspiration but rather a task that requires some time to accomplish it successfully. So, if you want to know how to make a thesis statement, you have come to the right place. In this article, you will find some tips on how to make a thesis successfully. While PhD thesis writing is not easy and you must follow specific thesis format. How to make a thesis: Tip 1. Develop your personal position on the problemReading what others think about the question you are researching may turn out to be rather useful in case you know a little about the matter. Your position may coincide with someone elses or may differ cardinally from already adopted viewpoints. The key point is that you should truly believe in what you are talking about. Do not be inclined to others point of view only because you cannot shape your own position. This will only make it more difficult for you to support it. How to make a thesis: Tip 2. Formulate your main ideaTry to make your message specific rather than vague or general. What is more, do not make it too long. One or maximum two sentences will be quite enough. Write it somewhere on a sheet of paper. This thesis is not final yet. You will come back to it as soon as your paper is completed.How to make a thesis: Tip 3. Conduct researchWhile researching the topic, some information that yo u may find in the sources may turn out much useful. They can help you in formulating and improving your thesis statement. So, make notes on the information that can be included into your thesis statement.How to make a thesis: Tip 4. Come back to your thesis and think what might be changedIt is important to keep your thesis flexible until the investigation is actually finished. If you do it, you will not have any difficulties with rewriting it later. So, after you finish researching the topic, come back to your thesis statement and think what can be changed. A thesis statement is an important element of any paper, it is the framework that every paper is based on. So, it is extremely important to know how to make a thesis correctly. Follow our guidelines and you will learn writing a research paper without any problems!

Business Ethics is Not an Option Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Ethics is Not an Option - Essay Example Analysis leads to the conclusion that observance of business ethics is not optional. Every business venture aims at flourishing in the modern marketplace. There are several methods of achieving including the application of marketing strategies for sales increase, manufacturing and production concepts for cost-effectiveness and organizational management for over-all company harmony. However, the concept of an ethically-run business as necessary for the company to succeed is becoming more and more recognized. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a by word for many business professionals. Although it is generally observing ethics and morals in business dealings, CSR is thought to comprise of activities such as supporting charities is CSR, funding anti-crime and poverty programs, exceeding legal or regulatory obligations in areas of business operation such as health and safety and consumer rights, managing the supply chain to ensure that suppliers respect human rights is CSR and taking measures to ensure that products do not harm the environment. (Kotler and Nancy 2004, p. 3) Our concern is not so much in defining CSR but in determining whether the observance of business ethics is optional or not. This paper will argue that business ethics is necessary and beneficial for the business firm. ... Increased Job Performance Quality The reason why a field in business called Human Resources Management (HRM) exists is that it was long recognized that there is a need to ensure that employee issues are properly addressed. One of the secrets of successful business companies is that they were able to derive extra commitment from all employees resulting to unprecedented quality and responsiveness in products and services along with heroic frugality, incredible levels of integration and collaboration within and without the organizations, and especially to pull off continuous, brilliant, and cheap innovation. According to the only way one can "manage" high level human output is to set the conditions for everyone doing their best: including support of the core competencies of people, their ability to self-organize, their ability to change and grow. A company can achieve this if it fosters trust and build organizational cultures in which freedom and personal initiative can cohabit with cooperation, caring and a highly integrated harmony. Only thru a sincere observance of business ethics can the company assure that its employees do not stage rallies, release negative public statements regarding the company, resign and reveal company trade secrets. Being ethical also helps in attracting excellent and skilled professionals to work for the company. The Industrial Society for the UK (in Price 2002) reports that "82% of UK professionals claimed that they would not work for an organisation whose values they did not believe in" and that "among smaller businesses, the survey showed that 62% of owner managers were influenced by their employees to be more socially active." Consumer Preference Observing moral and ethical values in the conduct of business does not

Accounting case study on BP p.l.c Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Accounting on BP p.l.c - Case Study Example erating in any gas and oil industry sector and this diversification includes production and exploration, distributing and marketing, trading, power generation, refining, and petrochemicals (Bp.com, 2014). The company is further engaged in production of renewable sources of energy that include wind power and biofuels. The company boasts of intense operations in slightly more than eighty countries across the globe with a production of more than three million barrels daily with estimated reserves of approximately seventeen billion barrels. The company has approximately twenty thousand seven hundred service stations globally with its largest front in America. The company’s success in financial terms is broad with notable investments in Rosneft, its listing in the â€Å"London Stock Exchange (LSE),† and it is a member of the â€Å"FTSE 10 index† (Bp.com, 2014). The company has a high market capitalization in the London Stock Exchange, which is approximately worth eighty five billion pounds with secondary listings in the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and Frankfurt Stock Exchange (FSE) (Bp.com, 2014). The company began its production efforts under the tag British Petroleum in the Middle East from early 1954 (Franck & Huyghebaert, 2004). It is regarded as the first oil company to find exploits in North Sea. The company has undergone different transformations and challenges along the years in terms of changes in ownership to oil related disasters that have contributed to its success and loss of revenue. BP operates under different product lines with unlimited opportunities for growth. These products include Air BP, BP Target Neutral, BP Franchising, Fuelling cards, Asphalt and Bitumen, BP Biofuels, Motor lubricants and oil, Petrol/gas station locator, Gas/Petrol stations, Industrial lubricants, Liquefied Natural Gas, Gas and power energy, BP Crudes, NGL, MSDS, BP shipping, Petrochemicals, Marine Fuels, and Lubricants (Bp.com, 2014). Air BP deals with a variety of

Discussion #4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion #4 - Assignment Example Rather, many fugitives using the underground railroad had to travel by foot from one safe house to the another until they reached a free states. The fugitives faced great dangers from the slave catchers and their masters. If they were caught using the underground railroad, they would have been subjected to the worst punishment including being killed. Also the fugitives often had to travel without food. The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 also posed problems for these fugitives since they could forced to return to their master even if they were living in a free state. Despite this, slaves continued to use the underground railroad to escape. This lessened the control and power the slave masters had over their slaves. Also many of the slaves who were again to gain freedom returned to the become the voice of the oppressed. They actively protested against slavery and pressed for the abolition of slavery. These slavery were able to gain the sympathy of many white Americans who joined in with the protest to give more weight to the cause. The Underground Railroad eventually freed enough slaves to begin a civil unrest movement in the United States. It was the white Americans, seeing the conditions of the slaves, who pushed the civil war in the country. The Underground Railroad also helped in the abolition of slavery because it allowed the protestors to come together and work as a group. This group, over the course of time, became more optimistic towards the cause. By helping free thousands of slaves each year, this group was able to gain strength and fight more actively for the abolition of slavery. Also the underground railroad was responsible for the establishment of many anti-slavery organizations including the American Anti-Slavery Society. These society kept the spirit of anti-slavery active amongst its members through different publications including essays, poems and even illustrations. Many of the slaves who gained freedom also actively began their

Toyotas Total Quality Management

Toyotas Total Quality Management The once magic spell of Henry Fords T-modal and assembly lines is a long forgotten memory. In todays highly dynamic market place the consumer cannot be satisfied with a black color ford. Today the global automotive industry is facing its toughest challenge of delighting the customer in an economical manner. The Toyota motor company of Japan has taken this challenge seriously and has proved its ability to compete with the once emperors of the industry such as Ford, Volvo, Chevrolet et al. Buy careful adoption of cutting edge technologies such as Total quality management, Toyota has turned itself into a game changer in the industry. This assignment focuses on how Toyota achieved its objectives using TQM. It unfolds in three stages starting with TQM and its scope. Secondly competitive environment analysis with SWOT and PESTLE analyses and finally it arrives at conclusion based on a thorough evaluation of the organization. Company Overview Toyota Motor Company (TMC) is the crown of Japanese auto industry. Started as a small car manufacturer on August 28, 1937 it gifted many quality innovations to the world throughout its history. In the early 1980s Toyota won its first quality control award in Japan. The company launched its luxury brand Lexus in 1989 which became a massive success. It also manufactures Scion an economical automobile brand that targets young adults. Toyota also conquered the hybrid car market with the launch of its iconic car Prius in 17. Today with a work force of 71,116 and an annual sale of US$228+ billion, Toyota is as profitable as all the other car companies combined. In 2007 it became the worlds largest auto manufacturer beating General Motors. (Info http://www.toyota-global.com/) Literature Review Total Quality management Total quality management can be defined as A management psychology that seeks to integrate all organizational functions such as marketing, finance, design, engineering, production, customers satisfaction et al. to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives. [Abstract Besterfield D, Michna Besterfield C, Besterfield Glen and Besterfield-Sacre Mary Total Quality Management (3rd Edition) (2002)] The team of the organization that the TQM is implementing tries to take part in improving processes, products, services as well as the culture which they work. This approach is inspired by quality leaders such as Philip B Crosby, W. Edwards Deming, Kaonru Ishikawa and Joshep M. Juran. According to Deming TQM involves 14 principles. 1. Create constancy of purpose 2. Adopt a new philosophy of cooperation 3. Cease dependence on mass inspection to achieve quality 4. End the practice of awarding business 5. Improve constantly, and forever 6. Institute training 7. Adopt and institute leadership for the management of people, 8. Drive out fear and build trust 9. Break down barriers between departments. 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations, and targets asking for zero defects or new levels of productivity 11. Eliminate numerical goals, numerical quotas and management by objectives 12. Remove barriers that rob people of joy in their work 13. Institute a vigorous program of education and self-improvement. 14. Put everybody in the company to work to accomplish the transformation. Today The concept of quality is significant more than ever before. The history of quality goes as far as 1920s to the times of gurus such as F.W. Taylor who is the father of scientific management. It erupted in 1950s in Japan in a time where the Japanese were searching ways to boost their economy that was ruined by World War 2. By 70s high quality Japanese goods had flooded the US and European markets. It took 20 years for the west to catch up the Japanese quality system. By today the growing global competition the quality has become a decisive factor and is inspired by changing customer needs. Today the customer is the person who defines the quality of a product. Quality management is important because achieving a higher quality is ever changing. Also failing to meet the quality standards continuously would result in losing customers. An organization can take many initiatives to assure quality of its products. Standardization is one such initiative that assures quality. Standardization can be carried out by round interchangeability, variety reduction; improved communication of technical criteria, commonly agreed safety and performance parameters. Standardization applies to raw materials, testing, sampling methods as well as processes Institutional learning is another way of ensuring quality. Here the training process for workers are recorded and will be used in the learning process. The learning forms such as lessons as well as good practices are the primary sources of the knowledge working process. The institutional learning process can be further enhanced through training workshops, evaluation material as well as electronic training media. Also by way of knowledge management an organization can assure the quality of its products. Under knowledge management the capacity to retain knowledge, educational capacity, design and training methods, the training programs as well as qualified trainers are the majors concerns under knowledge management. The fruits of knowledge management can only be picked when: The learnt knowledge puts in to practice. The knowledge is material in innovation. Turning tacit knowledge in to explicit knowledge Gathering and preserving knowledge from every possible source such as information, experience etc. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a method used to analyze the internal and external environment of an organization. Following is a comprehensive SWOT analysis of Toyota Motor Company. Strengths Toyota operates factories in US and China that led to increase in company profits since 2005. The organization through careful segmentation, Targeting and positioning offers the right product mix to the market. Toyota is highly efficient in its manufacturing which uses total quality management. Toyota has a strong brand name which is a house hold brand name all around the world. Weaknesses Toyota is excessively focused on US and Japanese markets. Thus suffers from fluctuating economic and political conditions of these countries. Toyota has few layers in its hierarchy and as a result there are few opportunities for promotions. Heavy emphasize on techniques such as kaizen has led to higher level of stress among workers. Opportunities Toyota and Lexus has pioneered the environmentally friendly technologies. The world needs vehicles inspired by such technologies more than ever. The company is targeting the urban youth market which has a huge potential. The European Union is emerging as a world of opportunities for auto manufacturers. Toyota already has a large market share in countries such as Denmark, Finland, Ireland et al. Threats Global recession has drastically affected the performance of the global auto industry. Rising gas prices due to the OPEC decision of price hike is a severe damage. In 200, 2010 the product recall of Toyota was estimated to be million units. This can have adverse effects the organizations reputation. Toyota faces strong competition from rivals. New entrants from China, South Korea and India are growing rapidly. (Info http://www.marketingteacher.com/swot/toyota-swot.html) PESTLE Analysis The PESTLE stands for P Political E Economical S Social T Technological L Legal E Environmental Political Since it is a global organization Toyota needs to observe the global political situation. For the past few years Toyota has been enjoying from some of the governments key decisions. The governments decision to limit vehicle imports to Japan and the US governments introduction of quota system in vehicle importing eases the pressure of heavy competition from the outsiders. The Japanese government has provided stimulus packages and tax reliefs to deal with the recent economic down turn. Economical The global recession has hit the global auto industry severely. With inevitable losses companies tend to cut jobs. The same is applicable to Toyota. Due to sky rocketing cost of living people might be prioritizing the fulfillment of their needs at primitive levels. In such a background the industry might get a serious blow. Also during the past 5 consecutive years the global auto mobile sales in major markets have sharply dropped. Social Social factors are vital in deciding the demand for a certain good. Throughout the past decade Japan is experiencing a growing adult population. It is estimated that by 2030 the 65 year old population will be 25.6% of the total population of Japan. Some critical changes in the age structure of the country can be observed. Also the countrys negative population growth rates provide serious implications for the business organizations. Because the shrinking population implies that the business organizations will have to face a shortage in skilled labor in the near future. [Source Matsumoto Yoshiko Faces of Aging: The Lived Experiences of the Elderly in Japan ] Technology With the introduction of cutting edge production technologies adoption of such technologies in the auto industry can be widely seen. Use of robotics for production in Japan has become a major trend. In this information age people have more ways to know about products which makes the present consumer a highly aware one compared to some decades back. The development in World Wide Web led to many organizations going online. The organization will have to adapt to the new ground realities of online marketing to stay ahead of the curve. Legal Today although the free trade is been heavily promoted some key player in the global economy are following protectionism. Countries such as India, Brazil et al are imposing legal restrictions on foreign auto manufacturers in order to promote indigenous manufacturing. With its recall of some of the car models in 2010 Toyota had to face several court cases over accidents occurred due to defect Toyota cars. It was reported that Toyota has paid $ 1.2 million in settlement of a case that was filed against the company. (Info http://www.dailymarkets.com/stock/2010/12/28/toyota-pays-10m-crash-compensation/) Environment The global warming and climate change has become a burning problem in todays world. The changes in this regard have a major influence on the global auto mobile industry. The global warming has insisted the global auto manufacturing firms to come up with less emission solutions. Governments all around the world are raising the standards and tightening the environmental laws on this matter. In addition to the global warming problem the dwindling oil reserves in Middle Eastern countries which are expected to come to an end as soon as 2040s has urged the auto manufacturers to seek more sustainable and energy efficient solutions for the future. The green marketing has become a major weapon for any organization competing in todays auto industry. Today the green products as well as green production methods has become a threshold in many cases. Thus any organization lagging behind its counterparts in green marketing is in the path to destruction. Analysis Although the total quality management is widely adopted in todays highly dynamic business environment Toyota motor company has its own version of quality management called the Toyota production system or TPS. The TPS includes just in time production which means manufacturing products in required amounts avoiding excess inventories Kanban and Jidoko or automation. According to the field research done and published by Harvards Steven J. Spear it leads to the conclusion that Toyota has achieved a dynamic capability by following the Rules-in-Use for Organizational design, improvement, and adaptation. [Source Spear J Steven Just-in-Time in practice at Toyota: Rules-in-Use for building self-diagnostic, adaptive work-systems Harvard Business Review Oct 2002] The paper identifies that in TPS managed organizations every operation is performed by carrying out hypothesis testing experiments that makes accelerated generation and accumulation of individual and organizational learning about coordinating delegating, and performing work done collaboratively. This also includes work which is done repeatedly few times. The findings adds literature by explaining the most tools that got lot of attention in the operations research process were trustworthy and were giving uninterrupted service without any malfunctioning. [Source http://www.icsti.su/rus_ten3/1000ventures_e/presentations/production_systems.html] Just in time The idea behind just in time is manufacturing the required amounts in required numbers at the required time. For instance the assembly line of a car arrives all the sub assembly lines should reach the main assembly line in right quantities. This will eliminate the need for inventories thus removing the requirement for warehouses and storage facilities. As a result the inventory cost will be drastically reduced giving a higher capital turn out to the company. The JIT manufactures quality products in an efficient manner by completely eliminating waste, inconsistencies and unwanted use of production lines. According to the JIT the Toyota by adhering to the following guidelines can manufacture a car which was ordered by a customer in a soonest possible manner. No sooner an order is received for a vehicle the instructions as well as specifications of the vehicle reach the start of the production line. The assembly line is stored with sufficient parts and components to enable the plant to assemble any kind of vehicle model without any delays. The assembly line must replace the parts used by retrieving the same number of parts from the parts-producing process. The preceding process should store a small number of all types of parts to manufacture only the numbers of parts that were retrieved by an operator from the next process. Although it proves to be a success of following JIT method it is a complicated exercise at Toyota as its business involves hundreds of spare parts and components. Kanban system Although many believe that kanban is TPS, the kanban method exist to manage the just in time method. Simply it is an information system which controls the quantities in every process. In kanban the required amount of units and types are written in a card called kanban. It is send to the people in preceding process to the subsequent process which connects many processes in a Toyota plant. This method is supported by followings. Smoothing of process Reduction of machine set up time Autonomation Standardization of jobs Improvement activities Kanban uses two cards. One a withdrawal card and the other a production order card. (Source http://www.toyota-global.com/) According to the above figure there are two operational flows as production instruction kanban and the operational flow of parts retrieval kanban. In the production instruction kanban it involves 3 distinctive steps. Firstly a production instruction kanban A is removed when an operator retrieves parts. Then the numbers of parts that are indicated in the kanban card are only manufactured. Thirdly the kanban is attached to the newly manufacture parts ready for the next process. Then the next process starts on the operational flow of parts retrieval kanban. The parts are transferred to this process from the preceding process. Then as the first step the parts retrieval kanban is removed when an operator uses parts. Secondly the operator carries the kanban to retrieve replacement parts. As the third step the operator removes the production instruction kanban and replaces it with a parts retrieval kanban. Finally the parts that are displaying the parts retrieval kanban are transported to the next process. Autonomation To gain maximum of just in time 100% good units must reach the prior process. And this process should continue without any interruptions. This means quality control must co-exist with JIT to get the best out of kanban. The idea behind autonomation is built in a mechanism means to avoid mass production of defective items in product lines. It involves autonomous inspections for abnormalities in the process. At Toyota all machines are autonomous where every machine is attached with automatic stopping device. This avoids mass production of defective items and also alarms machine break downs if there are any. The above theory also applies to the manual works at Toyota where an employee pushes the stop button if something abnormal happens in the production line. This would eventually cease the operations of his whole lines. In order to detect discrepancies in the process a device called andon, an electric light board is hung very high in the factory that it is visible to everyone this is called Toyotas visual control system. Conclusion The Toyota production system is a practical and effective as it popped out from the real life experience of the organization. This system is enriched with practical effects, actual practices and implications over the analysis. This system has a vital role in developing the quality of operations of the companies all around the world. Even to this date hundreds of western companies are using the Toyota quality management methods which are a clear indication of Toyotas success. Since Toyotas founding we have adhered to the core principal of contributing to society through the practice of manufacturing high quality products and services. Our business practices and activities based on this core principal created values, beliefs and business methods that over the years have become a source of competitive advantage. these are the managerial values and business methods that are known collectively as the Toyota way. Fujio Cho, president Toyota [Source Liker Jeffery, The Toyota Way, McGraw-hill, 2003]

Analysis of Bulgaria :: Essays Papers

External historical events often changed Bulgaria's national boundaries in its first century of existence, natural terrain features defined most boundaries after 1944, and no significant group of people suffered serious economic hardship because of border delineation. Postwar Bulgaria contained a large percentage of the ethnic Bulgarian people, although numerous migrations into and out of Bulgaria occurred at various times. None of the country's borders was officially disputed in 1991, although nationalist Bulgarians continued to claim that Bulgaria's share of Macedonia--which it shared with both Yugoslavia and Greece--was less than just because of the ethnic connection between Macedonians and Bulgarians. In 1991 Bulgaria had a total border of about 2,264 kilometers. Rivers accounted for about 680 kilometers and the Black Seacoast for 400 kilometers. Ridges in mainly defined the southern and western borders high terrain. The western and northern boundaries were shared with Yugoslavia and Romania, respectively, and the Black Sea coastline constituted the entire eastern border. The Romanian border followed the Danube River for 464 kilometers from the northwestern corner of the country to the city of Silistra and then cut to the east-southeast for 136 kilometers across the northeastern province of Varna. The Danube, with steep bluffs on the Bulgarian side and a wide area of swamps and marshes on the Romanian side, was one of the most effective rivers boundaries in Europe. The line through Dobruja was arbitrary and was redrawn several times according to international treaties. In that process, most inhabitants with strong national preferences resettled in the country of their choice. Borders to the south were with Greece and Turkey. The border with Greece was 491 kilometers long, and the Turkish border was 240 kilometers long. Bulgaria covers approximately 110,550 square kilometers. Its topography is mostly hills combined with plateaus, with major flatlands to the north and the center of the country. Its main mountain ranges Balkan and Rhodope include two major ranges, Pirin and Rila. The climate is divided by mountains into continental and Mediterranean. The rainfall is very variable, with largest amounts in higher elevations. Its population estimate is 8,989,172. Its 1990 growth rate was negative .35 percent, and its population density eighty-one per square kilometer. Bulgaria’s official state language is Bulgarian. There is also a main national minority language witch is Turkish. Bulgaria has many different ethnic groups. The country is made up of 85% Bulgarians, 8.5% Turks, 2.5% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians, 0.

Louis Xiv, the Sun King

Louis XIV, the Sun King Historians over three centuries have both defended and criticized Louis XIV’s controversial reign. Many people hailed him as a great king; supreme as the sun he deemed his emblem. A great king is an unselfish one who is able to consider the people’s interest before their own. This is a direct contrast to how Louis XIV ruled France, but he still accomplished a remarkable amount for France. Even with his selfish agenda and lavish spending, it is without question that Louis still remains the most excellent and most powerful absolute monarch in European history.He is the epitome of an absolute monarch. Having so much authority making a few mistakes was inevitable. But in his successes, France was altered for the better, permanently. Louis challenged the status quo by doing what had never been attempted. His bold choices changed the lifestyle and attitude of Europe, by creating one of the most dynamic monarchies in history. Although some may question his effectiveness, under Louis XIV’s reign France achieved political, militarily, and cultural dominance.In regards to politics, Louis’ attitude can be summarized in one infamous statement:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"L'Etat, c'est moi† (I am state). In other words, he possessed total control over his people, as an absolute monarch. He often referred to himself as the Sun King; strategically coming up with such a name because the world revolves around the sun, as he wanted the people to revolve around him. His egotistical thinking earned him a few harsh critics but his dominance remained unquestioned. When in rule, he made it clear that his word was law.This was an effective approach for him. Through his absolute monarchy he was able to accomplish much for France, specifically in the early years of his reign. The Sun King even managed to strip parliament of their traditional power to obstruct legislation. Implementing the idea; once more, that he was absolute ruler of all things. When Louis came to power, France was disheveled nobles were asking for extensions of power, in which they did not need. He put an end to this debacle; in a time of separation, he sought to unify his people and he was able to do so.After centralizing government and gaining total control of reign, his efforts were focused on cutting deficit and promoting industrial growth. With the help of his alter ego, Jean Baptiste Colbert, they brought order out of chaos associated with the royal fiscal administration. Colbert possessed the interest in the people’s ideals that the king lacked; this helped him better advice the king in his political reforms. By enforcing such reforms he pushed France towards a more stable government.Louis XIV made his most substantial impact in the realm of militarism. The foreign policy of prestige was mainly concerned with strengthening the military. The king made such astute claims that needed a strong military to defend his word. During his reign, he to ok the initiative to build a massive army, which grew to be more powerful than ever. Military reforms vastly increased France’s power. By the late 1660’s, France was the most powerful state in Europe. The army’s destructiveness assisted in reaching his main goal: to extend France to its natural borders.His adoration for power led to a series of wars that lasted many years- The four distinct conflicts that characterized his military excursions were: War with Spain, the Dutch war, the war of Palatinate, and the war of Spanish succession. Unfortunately, his desire for expansion gained him a few enemies. The enemies being the countries he was trying to conquer. Even some of his people were underwhelmed with his efforts, having to pay for such reforms in heavy taxes. Overall, his military reforms helped France sustain a stronger army than ever.With such an astute commander, the French military was certainly a force to be reckoned with. Just as Louis’ wars domi nated political history in the late1600’s, his palace at Versailles dominated European culture. The age of Louis saw a flourishing of culture throughout Europe. As an absolute monarch, he assumed total control over everything, and culture was no exception. The state was able to manipulate cultural developments and take them to unprecedented heights. His influence on culture contributed to the prestige of France (). The Sun King also aided in the blossoming of art and architecture.The great king created many programs and institutes to infuse more of the arts into French culture. Louis’ patronage for the arts was concentrated on Versailles, a palace that is an unforgettable symbol of his power and influence on Europe. Versailles was one of the most beautiful achievements of eighteenth-century French art (). There was a shift from articulate paintings to posters, but the idea remained the same, to commemorate his power. The motives in supporting art were simple: to pass t he glamour and glory of his century to the generations to come.Louis XIV served the longest reign in European history. His time in power saw achievements that seemed unattainable for France, in the time before him. The age of Louis XIV was essential to European history for a manifold of reasons. First, his reign saw the triumph of absolutism, not only in France, but also in continental Europe. His creation of Versailles was an extravagant denotation for other European leaders to follow. Second, Louis’ wars proved the system of Balance of power to be an effective method. French aggression was contained and it became the norm.Most importantly, Louis’ reign established France as the dominant power in Europe. However, his legacy was not all positive; his lavish spending habits left his successors a huge debt. While conditions in France were well during his rule, the problems caused by his decisions would help ignite the French Revolution in 1789. With that being said, Loui s’ achievements deemed him one of the greatest monarchs in history. It is unfortunate that so many historians focus only on debt and military failures, and not what he was able to do for France, when they desperately needed change.