Critically assess the representation of race Essay Example

Critically assess the representation of race Essay Example Critically assess the representation of race Essay Critically assess the representation of race Essay Critically assess the representation of race in British media The OED defines a race’ as a major division of world, holding distinguishable physical features ; a group of people sharing the same civilization, history, linguistic communication, etc.’ ( 2002 ) . It is non clear that the construct of race’ can be aligned with that of ethnicity’ , which latter is taken as a strictly physical appellation. One’s ethnicity does non imply any cultural features: one can be an ethnically Arab Buddhist, Jew or atheist. As I understand the construct race’ it implies somewhat more than the baldly physical ; by and large the construct is considered besides to connote cultural features. This is a elusive differentiation and non an absolute one, for of class one might depict our atheist as either ethnically Arab, or from the Arab race. Still, in ordinary linguistic communication the construct race’ has somewhat thicker intensions than the construct of ethnicity’ . Just so, race’ is correspondent to gender’ in holding both a physical facet and a societal facet. And, like gender, the naturalness of racial differentiations has historically sanctioned different attitudes to persons from different races. Due merely to the coloring material of tegument they were born with, many 19Thursdaycentury Americans truly believed that they were superior to black people. The fact that race has an obvious [ 1 ] physical foundation explains the hardiness of beliefs that people from different races were besides different in other ways. This easy led to beliefs in high quality over other races, peculiarly races that were intellectually and technically less good developed. Hall ( 1990, p.9 ) puts this point therefore: since ( like gender ) race appears to be given by Nature, racism is one of the most profoundly naturalised of bing ideologies’ . This naturalization is natural, but it does non go on by thaumaturgy. Rather it is the consequence of the standardization of attitudes and be liefs actively held in society. It issues from the consequences of our efforts to understand ourselves and each other. The our’ in that last sentence is of import: this is an activity carried out by society, through the assorted channels that exist in society to administer information and thoughts. Therefore the media has a strongly cardinal function. Hall continues ( 1990, p.11 ) , the media construct for us a definition of what race is, what intending the imagination of race carries, and what the problem of race is understood to be’ . That is to state, they help to sort out the universe in footings of the classs of race . Of class all media mercantile establishments are cognizant of this duty. All take great attention to avoid being labeled racist’ . Even utmost rightist parties call themselves nationalist, non racist. As Miles and Brown note, the British National Party is non the British Racial Party, the GallicFront Nationalis non heFront Racial, and its leader, Jean-Marie Le Pen, denounced his former deputy, Bruno Megret, who had formed a rival nationalist’ party, as racist ( 2003, p.4 ) . The mainstream and telecasting media mercantile establishments pay scrupulous attending to their end product, guaranting that it accords with strictly classless criterions. They frequently set up in-house watchdogs to maintain a close oculus on this facet of their end product. But media does non run in a vacuity. There is a dialectic relationship between public sentiment and media sentiment. Apparently racist attitudes are now taboo in most states ; few people would comfortably mention to a black individual as a nigger’ , or claim that an Indian gentleman is unclean’ . Care is taken by every group in society to avoid behavior that could do offense to other races. But racist attitudes persist. It seems to be a affair of psychological fact that single and group individualities require to be constructed in contradistinction to others. For this ground, a reasonably natural administration of human existences finds them separated into smallish groups, provinces. These provinces are frequently coterminous with states ( though there are fewer provinces than states ) and states are frequently coterminous with races ( though there are fewer states than races ) . So when provinces are at war with each other, frequently each side thinks of itself instead otherwise from how it thinks about its resistance. Since the persons on each side have defined themselves in resistance to those on the other, they frequently believe themselves to bebetterthan their oppositions, which is to state that they look down on their oppositions. The ability to show felicity at resistance loss of life illustrates this exhaustively sinful attitude to the value of life on each side. National media frequently e xacerbate this perceptual experience of inequality. Phillip Knightly notes that during the Vietnam War, racism became a loyal virtuousness. All Vietnamese became dinks , slopes , slants , or gooks , and the merely good one was a dead 1. So the Americans killed them when it was clear that they were Vietcong, and they killed them when it was clear they were non Vietcong’ ( 1982, p.354 ) . Journalist James Cameron makes a similar point when discoursing his clip coverage on the struggle: I had been to Hanoi, and returned obsessed with the impression that I had no professional justification left if I did non at least attempt to do the point that North Viet Nam, despite all Washington statements to the contrary, was inhabited by human beings†¦and that to destruct their state and their lives with high explosives and crude oil jelly was no manner to bring around them of their defects†¦ This decision, when expressed in printed or telecasting news media, was by and large held to be, if non downright arch, so surely non-objectiv e, within the footings of mention of a newspaper adult male, on the evidences that it was proclaimed as a point of view†¦ To this of class there could be no reply whatsoever, except that objectiveness in some fortunes is both meaningless and impossible’ ( 1997, p.172 ) . This attack is by no agencies an American phenomenon ; precisely the same state of affairs arose in Britain in the early 1980s during the Falklands struggle. The Argies’ were cast as the enemy. TheTimessthundered that the invasion was an demonstrably evil act’ and declared that we’ were all Falklanders now’ ( Allan, 2004, p.160 ) . Newspapers across the political spectrum depicted the Argentine people in savage terms’ ( Ibid. p.160 ) . TheSunfamously published the headline GOTCHA! ’ , denoting the narrative of theGeneral Belgrano, an Argentine patrol car that was sunk with the loss of 1,200 lives. Resistance figures in countless other struggles have been ridicule d and demonized: mad dog’ Muhamar Gadaffi of Libya, evil, drug-running dictator’ General Manual Noriega of Panama, and the new Hitler’ , Saddam Hussein ( Ibid. p.160 ) . This expressed maneuver is combined with a less obvious lingual maneuver, the intent of which is to pull a crisp contrast between the civilized us’ and the barbaric them’ . By this crisp contrast the media exactly categorise the universe in footings of race’ . In making so, nevertheless, they are non exceeding the racism of public sentiment, but indulging it. Media does non be in a vacuity, and the content of the media can non moderately be expected to change significantly from the content of public sentiment. This is for two grounds. First, evaluations. An aloof, detached, moralistic media will be ignored and so will neglect in its function as sender of information and voice of public sentiment. It seems instead vulgar to state that theSunmight hold engaged in racialist mottos to sell transcripts, but it about surely has done. The media’s duty to cultivate benign societal norms merely extends so far. Furthermore, other forces militate against a more moralistic media function. Entman has argued that dumbing-down and sensationalism in the media is taking to a signifier of intelligence coverage that encourages ill will against certain racial groups. Local intelligence, in peculiar, paints a image of inkinesss as violent and endangering toward Whites, self-interested and demanding toward the organic structure politic – continually doing jobs for the observant, tax-paying majority’ ( 1997, p.29 ) . Entman argues that the media are making clime of fright between the dominan t in-group’ ( Whites ) and the out-group’ ( other races ) in society. African Americans, Air Combat Command to Les Payne ofNewsdaymagazine, are disproportionately included in negative coverage – as cocottes, drug traders, public assistance receivers, second-story work forces, unwed mothers’ ( cited in Dates and Pease 1997, p.79 ) . Second, journalists are people excessively. When non at their twenty-four hours occupation, their thoughts and feelings contribute every bit much as anyone else’s to public sentiment, and they are merely as susceptible to the thoughts of the twenty-four hours as others. Be it non so, the media would non be able to stand for the spectrum of public sentiment with efficiency and unity. Ideas go in both waies. This unfortunately means that the media can strengthen sinful societal norms every bit good as undermine them: Singh: what passes for intelligence has to be geared to demand, and unhappily the manner to gain prevarications in gratifying to baser human inherent aptitudes and biass. It is this that leads newspapers, for illustration, to transporting streamer headlines: Asian landlord evicts renter for eating beef’ while on an inside page there is a much smaller point describing an temblor in which more than 5,000 people have died’ ( Singh, 1998, p.74 ) . Hall sum s the point up good ( 1990, p.20 ) : what defines how the media map is the consequence of a set of complex, frequently contradictory, societal dealingss ; non the personal dispositions of its members’ . One obvious beginning of prejudice is the fact that the bulk of British journalists are white and male. In 1998 Ainley reported that newsmans from cultural minorities account for less than 1 % of British journalists. Even if all 99 % of these white journalists were fastidious in their efforts at racial nonpartisanship, it is rather impossible to believe that they could win, for their cognition and apprehension of the universe will needfully be some map of their cultural background. And in any instance, greater diverseness of staff will non needfully interpret in to more diverse signifiers of intelligence coverage. As de Uriarte argues, there is a prism of hegemony’ through which the impression of journalistic objectivity has long been white and remains so today’ ( 1997, p.144 ) . Again, the differentiation between the recognized us’ ( the Whites ) and those implicitly taken as other’ ( other races ) , goes on to inform societal norms. In order to analyze the effects of this racism in the British media more closely, it will assist to convey in Hall’s ( 1990 ) differentiation between overt’ racism and inferential’ racism. Overt’ racism refers to media coverage given to openly racist places and statements. The publications of the British Nationalist Party, for illustration, are overtly racist, for they preach a differentiation of importance between different races ( British and other’ ) . In a similar manner, newspapers such as theDaily Mailand theSunare frequently overtly racist. The former’s attitude towards immigrants is doubtless overtly racialist: their place is that non-British people desire to come to Britain to take occupations that belong to British people, to direct net incomes out of Britain, to overthrow the incorporate British civilization and, by and large, to increase offense, poorness and disease. We have already seen grounds of racism in theSun. But there is enough more. Allan ( 2004, p.146 ) analyses a shocking 1998 column which ridicules Islamic esthesias, mentioning to Muslims as pig headed’ bigots’ , impeaching them of daft’ racial and spiritual intolerance’ , and trying to impose their civilization in a Christian country’ ; the column exhorts the good British reader non to put up with this sort of nonsense’ . As these newspapers circulate and popularize openly racist thoughts, they legitimise them: racism becomes acceptable – and therefore, non long after, true – merely common sense: what everyone knows and is openly saying’ ( 1990, p.13 ) . The column squads from these administrations defend their attack on duplicate evidences that they are merely reflecting public sentiment, and have a right to freedom of address. I have already discussed the first ground, which I take to be true but unfortunate, and with respect to which one can merely press these administrations to take more duty and possibly a short-run loss of gross revenues. The 2nd ground is a good 1. But this pro tanto ground for printing racist stuff is outweighed by two farther grounds. First the publication of this material causes great offense and so harm to racial minorities ; this injury in itself may be a sufficient ground to curtail the freedom of address. Second, the publication of this stuff fortifies sinful societal norms, so undermining equality. Equality is a requirement of democracy on a par with freedom of address and its protection is a sufficient ground to curtail freedom of address. This consideration of societal norms leads to the 2nd facet of Hall’s differentiation. Inferential racism refers to those apparently naturalized representations of state of affairss where racialist premises or propositions are being inscribed in the media coverage as a set of undisputed premises. These representations enable racist statements to be formulated without of all time conveying into consciousness the racialist predicates on which the statements are grounded’ ( Hall, 1990, p.13 ) . The inexplicit premises of preponderantly white staff arguably facilitate the naturalization of racialist norms even more expeditiously than their open dictums. Images of white civilians disrupted by barbate Muslims every clip there is a terrorist menace are far more effectual at conveying a message about the difference between them’ and us’ than a intelligence article saying that bearded Muslims are unsafe terrorists, and we civilised inexperienced persons. This diffe rentiation underpins the different tactics discussed above: open racism is found in the expressed ridicule of resistance leaders and the enemy’ , illative racism is found in the less obvious inclination to discourse dealingss between different races as between us’ and them’ . Again the dialectic between public sentiment and media sentiment comes into drama here. As Hacker ( 1997, p.74 ) points out, all the major intelligence administrations have preponderantly white audiences, a bottom line’ which black employees are expected to understand and appreciate’ . News must be pitched to white readers, in ways Whites can square with their prepossessions and perceptions’ ( Hacker, 1997, p.72 ) . Furthermore, slightly ironically, the outstanding success of the run against open racism – the tabu against racism of any kind – has had the unfortunate consequence of driving racism, so to talk, undercover. It’s easier to cover racial narratives in the conventional superficial mode and maintain a palpebra on feelings. In newsrooms, race is normally discussed warily. Black newsmans, for illustration, are frequently loath to talk up for fright of being tagged complainers. Meanwhile, white newsmans bite their linguas for fright of b eing labeled racialists, the most scalding name in the intelligence concern today’ ( Gissler, 1997, p.110-111 ) . So while there have been major successes in the run against racism in British media, there remain some hard jobs. British media reflects British public sentiment, and British public sentiment is traditionally instead insular and petty. Racism in the British media will non be eradicated until the British public become better educated and informed about its topographic point in the universe and the profound similarities between individuals of all races. But the rhythm will non be barbarous if the media is prepared to accept a small more duty for both open and illative racial messages. Bibliography Ainlee, B. 1998.Black Journalists, White Media. Stoke-on-Trent: Trentham. Allan, S. 2004.News Culture.Maidenhead, Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. Cameron, J. 1997.Journalism: a trade, in Bromley, M. A ; O’Malley, T. ( explosive detection systems )A Journalism Reader. London: Routledge. Cohen, P. A ; Gardner, C. ( explosive detection systems ) . 1982.It Ain’t Half Racist, Mum. London: Comedia Publishing Group. Dates, J.L. A ; Pease, E.C. 1997.Falsifying the World – Media’s Mangled Images of Race. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C.The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Entman, R.M. 1992.African Americans harmonizing to Television intelligence. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gandy, Jr, O.H. 1997.From Bad to Worse: The Media’s Framing of Race and Risk. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gissler, S. 1997.Newspapers’ quest for racial fairness. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Gray, H. 1995.Watching Race: Television and the Struggle for Blackness’ .Minneapolis A ; London: University of Minnesota Press. Hacker, A. 1997Are the media truly white?In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. Miles, R A ; Brown, M. 2003.Racism, 2neodymiumerectile dysfunction. London: Routledge. Singh, I. 1998.Minorities and the Media. Contemporary Issues in British Journalism. The 1998 Vauxhall Lectures, Cardiff: Centre for Journalism Studies, Cardiff University. de Uriarte, M.L. 1997.Exploring ( and detonating ) the U.S. media prism. In Dennis, E.E. A ; Pease, E.C. ( explosive detection systems )The Media in Black and White. New Brunswick: Transaction. 1

The History of Latin America in the Colonial Era

The History of Latin America in the Colonial Era Latin America has seen wars, dictators, famines, economic booms, foreign interventions, and a whole assortment of varied calamities over the years. Each and every period of its history is crucial in some way to understanding the present-day character of the land. Even so, the Colonial Period (1492-1810) stands out as being the era that did the most to shape what Latin America is today. There are six things you need to know about the Colonial Era. The Native Population Was Wiped Out Some estimate that the population of Mexico’s central valleys was around 19 million before the arrival of the Spanish. It had dropped to two million by 1550. That’s just around Mexico City. Native populations on Cuba and Hispaniola were all but wiped out, and every native population in the New World suffered some loss. Although the bloody conquest took its toll, the main culprits were diseases like smallpox. The natives had no natural defenses against these new diseases, which killed them far more efficiently than the conquistadors ever could. Native Culture Was Forbidden Under Spanish rule, native religion and culture were severely repressed. Whole libraries of native codices (they’re different than our books in some ways, but essentially similar in look and purpose) were burned by zealous priests who thought that they were the work of the Devil. Only a handful of these treasures remain. Their ancient culture is something that many native Latin American groups are currently trying to regain as the region struggles to find its identity. The Spanish System Promoted Exploitation Conquistadores and officials were granted encomiendas, which basically gave them certain tracts of land and everyone on it. In theory, the encomenderos were supposed to look after and protect the people that were in their care, but in reality, it was often nothing more than legalized slavery. Although the system did allow for natives to report abuses, the courts functioned exclusively in Spanish, which essentially excluded most of the native population, at least until very late in the Colonial Era. Existing Power Structures Were Replaced Before the arrival of the Spanish, Latin American cultures had existing power structures, mostly based on castes and nobility. These were shattered as the newcomers killed off the most powerful leaders and stripped the lesser nobility and priests of rank and wealth. The lone exception was Peru, where some Inca nobility managed to hold onto wealth and influence for a time, but as the years went on, even their privileges were eroded into nothing. The loss of the upper classes contributed directly to the marginalization of native populations as a whole. Native History Was Rewritten Because the Spanish did not recognize native codices and other forms of record-keeping as legitimate, the history of the region was considered open for research and interpretation. What we know about pre-Columbian civilization comes to us in a jumbled mess of contradictions and riddles. Some writers seized the opportunity to paint earlier native leaders and cultures as bloody and tyrannical. This, in turn, allowed them to describe the Spanish conquest as a liberation of sorts. With their history compromised, it is difficult for today’s Latin Americans to get a grasp on their past. Colonists Were There to Exploit, Not Develop The Spanish (and Portuguese) colonists who arrived in the wake of the conquistadores wanted to follow in their footsteps. They did not come to build, farm, or ranch. In fact, farming was considered a very lowly profession among the colonists. These men therefore harshly exploited native labor, often without thinking about the long-term. This attitude severely stunted the economic and cultural growth of the region. Traces of this attitude are still found in Latin America, such as the Brazilian celebration of malandragem, a way of life of petty crime and swindling. Analysis Just as psychiatrists study the childhood of their patients in order to understand the adult, a look at the â€Å"infancy† of modern Latin America is necessary to truly comprehend the region today. The destruction of whole cultures - in every sense - left the majority of the population lost and struggling to find their identities, a struggle which continues to this day. The power structures put in place by the Spanish and Portuguese still exist. Witness the fact that Peru, a nation with a large indigenous population, finally elected the first native president in its long history. This marginalization of native people and culture is ending, and as it does many in the region are trying to find their roots. This fascinating movement bears watching in the years to come.

The Necessity of Coed Classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Necessity of Coed Classes - Essay Example That assumption is not backed by research or study but only on the notion that the opposite sex is a distraction to study. The perceived advantage is even overshadowed by its numerous drawbacks. By making a class exclusive for boys or girls, the students become socially inadequate to relate to the other gender because of their lack of exposure and training on how to deal with the opposite sex. Students will become less confident and they could even become insensitive because their social vocabulary and competence about the opposite sex are inadequate. Social competence is also important because students will have to deal with other people including the opposite sex when they are already in the workplace when they become professionals someday. Education is not only limited to academics. It also includes how to deal with people appropriately. A good education will become useless if the person cannot work or deal with other people. Dealing with other people is particularly important if a person will become professional someday. A businessperson has to deal with clients, suppliers, employees, a doctor to his or her patient, an employee to his or her teammates and so on and so forth. It only meant that it is inevitable that we will be dealing with other people someday and it would be better if the students are trained early by integrating boys and girls in a class. Making a class exclusive to boys or girls makes a student socially inadequate. The structure of gender exclusivity does not inspire confidence among students because of the lack of exposure towards the other gender making their emotional and social vocabulary limited. This will result in a lower self-esteem among students which could be disastrous when they become professionals.

Some the schemes used to solve Latin America Debt Crisis of the 1980s Essay - 1

Some the schemes used to solve Latin America Debt Crisis of the 1980s can be use to the current EU Crisis - Essay Example The Baker plan and the Brady plan can solve the present economic crisis in Europe because they focus on growth of the economy. Countries in Latin America succeeded in solving their debt crisis in 1980s using the two schemes. According to research by economists in Europe, the Brady plan is more effective because it emphasizes on debt reduction. In Mexico, investors’ debts were cleared using the guidelines of the plan (Habermas & Ciaran 107). Interestingly, the Brady plan and the Baker plan are approaches that America use when handling financial crisis for the developing countries. The two plans advocate for sound economic policies when enhancing growth. According to Habermas, & Ciaran (14), the strategy should target least developed economies. The Baker plan identified the countries that needed aid before formulating policies that restructure the economy. This is an indication that European countries should classify their economies before coming up with corrective measures. According to the plan, extending governments should extend the maturity period for loans for countries such as Greece. This will cushion the citizens from crisis. Member countries in the European Union will have to restructure their financial system to improve the economy. The plan equally advocates for intervention by the IMF in aiding ailing economies. IMF should increase lending to commercial banks. Additionally, developed countries should voluntarily reduce debts for ailing economies. The EU government should seek support from Asian economies in creating a balance. For example, the government can encourage the swapping of bonds with creditors from China. This is preferable in the case of Greece. According to Habermas, & Ciaran (2), Latin America received support from Japan in averting their financial crisis. Although the strategy worked in Latin America, it is difficult to estimate the magnitude of a crisis using

HPE - Tennis Research Assignment Essay Example for Free

HPE Tennis Research Assignment Essay By using my knowledge and understanding of skill acquisition principles, psychology of learning and biomechanics, I have produced a six-week tennis training program. Incorporated in this report are the types of feedback used, the research laboratories carried out, and the design, analysis and evaluation of my coaching program.  Research Laboratories  Three research laboratories (See Appendices A, B and C) were carried out to assist in the development of my coaching program. These laboratories were on different types of feedback, the importance of accurate feedback and the use of feedback in mental rehearsal. The results from these labs provided me with a guide as to which type and the amount of feedback needed for a successful coaching program. Background Overview  Types of Feedback  There are many different types of feedback that can be used to enhance ones performance. Generally, the more precise the feedback, the more accurate the performance will become. (Amezdroz, G., Davis, D., Dickens, S., Hosford, G., 1999, 2001. Queensland Senior Physical Education, Macmillan Education Australia, South Yarra, Australia.) The types of feedback used in my coaching program were: Knowledge of performance-general performance this was used for the early stage of my coaching program when I needed a clear picture in my head to compare my actual performance with, eg. correct stance when serving. This type of feedback was provided to me by the coach, teacher and/or fellow participants in my program. I also watched my performances on video so I actually saw where I was going wrong and could then work on my motor skills. Positive feedback this was given when I successfully completed a task. Positive feedback encouraged me to try again and persevere with the learning. This was used throughout the whole duration of the coaching program.  Knowledge of performance-specific this was used in the later stage of my program. When I completed executing a movement or skill I was told on what I was doing wrong, and what to do to improve on my performance, eg. my ball toss was too low and I would therefore rush to hit the ball or simply miss it. By throwing the ball higher I give myself ample time to raise the racquet to hit the ball. Knowledge of performance gave me more detailed technical information to improve my skills. Concurrent (continuous) feedback this was, as the name states, a continuous form of feedback given throughout the coaching and practice sessions.  Augmented (external) feedback this type of feedback was provided both visually and verbally. I viewed a video of my performance and analysed what I was doing in/correct.  Design and Analysis of Coaching Program  At the beginning of my training I was at the late Cognitive stage of learning. I had little experience and knowledge of the game of tennis. During the six weeks of training I learnt and began to understand the skills needed and the rules of the game. I have now progressed through to the early Associative stage as demonstrated by my ability to effectively serve in both courts. The coaching program was based on distributive practice. This is where I would have short, practice sessions of a skill followed by a short break. For example, after doing 10 serves in both right and left court I was given a 2 minute break. During the break I would visualise in my head, the skills I had just learnt, and then the correct way to execute it. After the rest interval I would then carry out the skills. Improvements could be seen by me placing 50% of first serves and 75% of second serves in court. Whole-part learning was incorporated into the coaching program. This is when I would learn the whole skill at once, then break it down and concentrate on certain components that I was having difficulty with. Eg., learning to serve in tennis:  1. An explanation and demonstration on how to serve the ball was given  2. I carried out the serve like I had been shown  3. The serve was broken down into each skill associated with it that I was having problems with. Ie, stance, ball toss.  4. Each skill was then learnt and completed with success  5. All skills were then put together and a full serve was executed Mental rehearsal was also a very important factor in improving my tennis performance. By zoning out before a training session I would allow myself to block out all factors including spectators, noises, etc., and concentrate fully on the task at hand. An example of one of the main mental rehearsal activities I undertook was bouncing the tennis ball 2-4 times before serving. The research laboratories carried out gave an indication on why the types of practice and feedback I incorporated in my program would be more useful than any others. For example, a lab indicated that the more precise feedback we were given, the greater improvement we made on our performances.

The Misconceptions Of The Jungle By Upton Sinclair Essay examples -- e

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Upton Sinclair had always insisted that The Jungle was misread but did he ever think it could have been miswritten? The style of writing is not effective when addressing issues in a capitalistic society but proves to be very effective when exposing the secrets of the meatpacking industry. The novel is not remembered for being a classic work in literature but rather an important book in history in that it changed the way America looked at food in the early part of the century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sinclair loses his argument for Socialism at around the time when the characters in the book lose their humanity. The multitude of unfortunate situations and events makes the story more and more unrealistic and the reader loses a sense of compassion for the characters. Now, instead of being characters, they become objects in which the most you can do is pity them. When Jurgis comes home from jail to find his barely eighteen year-old wife dying, the third person omniscient narration guides the reader through the mind of Jurgis: â€Å"She was dead! She was dead! He would never see her again, never hear her again! An icy horror of loneliness seized him.† (190) After Ona’s death, one could not anticipate anything more to go wrong, but it does. In just a short time later, Jurgis’ son Antanas drowned in the street. It is extremely obvious that Sinclair is a Socialist himself. Anything and everything that could go wrong in the first three quarters of th...

Jacob Essay

The story of Jacob takes place in Genesis 25-36 detailing the events of his life; however, the background setting starts with Abraham and Sarah, in Genesis 12. Jacob was the son of Isaac and Rebekah, the grandson of Sarah and Abraham. Throughout the bible Jacob is known for his trickery; however it is not until towards the end is the fulfillment of Abraham’s promise. The name Jacob actually means trickster. But in the end Jacob makes a full turn He was a very manipulative character and tricked his brother out of his birth right and final blessing. However he then is tricked by Laban. Many would call this karma. Jacob’s character and actions maybe the blame of his parents. The bible shows that his parent were quite different the Abraham and Sarah. Abraham and Sarah for the majority of the story displays them as supportive, working together relationships; however much is not told about the relationship of Isaac and Rebekah. Better yet, not much is mentioned about Isaac at all, this maybe lead to believe that he did not have a significant role in the story. Rebekah is displayed as the more aggressive one while Isaac is considered more passive. Isaac did not go out and find his own wife, his father’s servant went and found one for him; all suggesting that Isaac was passive when it came to taking initiative. During this timeframe, Jacob may have been characterized as a â€Å"momma boy†. Genesis 25:27 says that Jacob stayed in camp while his brother became a skillful hunter. This in turns causes Rebekah to favor Jacob. The relationship between Rebekah and Jacob is similar to that of Joseph and his father. Jacob was much weaker than his brother Esau. The relationship of Jacob and Esau goes beyond traditional sibling jealously; but, it is a story of deceit and robbery. This is evident at birth when Jacob is born holding on to the heel of Esau. By order of birth Esau was entitled to the birthright; however, the promise of blessings was on the life of Jacob. Jacob and Esau had two different personalities. Esau was a hairy man, while Jacob was hairless. Esau was favored by Isaac because â€Å"he had a taste for game† (Genesis 25: 28), meaning Jacob was something Isaac was not or could not have been. Esau had a more carefree personality; he did not take much serious; including his birth right. Many stories of the birthright would say that Jacob stole the birthright; however, it seems as if Esau freely gave his birthright in exchange for food. Esau did not understand the importance of his birthright, but Jacob did. Jacob realized the significance of being born first and the bible even says in verse 34 Esau despised his birthright. Jacob stole the blessing from Esau during his father’s death. Esau felt that his father favored him. He may have even felt that God favored Jacob, because Jacob got his birthright and now got the final blessing from his father. Esau eventually has enough and tried to kill him. Jacob’s relationship with God was impatient in the beginning. In the 26th chapter is when Abraham’s promise begins to be fulfilled. One might question as to why Jacob still received the promises of Abraham after all of the manipulating and deceiving he did. Even though Jacob proved himself to be unfaithful, by tricking Esau, lying to Abimelch, he still received the promises that were promised to Abraham. A famine hit the land and Jacob was still able to prosper, his crops produced one hundred fold, he was rich and even found favor with the Philistines. All these fulfill the promises of Abraham. One might say Jacob’s manipulation finally caught up with. Jacob fell in love with the daughter of Laban who in the end tricks him into marrying his eldest daughter. Laban got 7 years of work from him and then an additional seven years.

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly Essay

Discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly (12 marks) Most criminologists would agree that the majority of criminal and/or deviant behaviour both stems and/or develops during either childhood or the early years of adolescence. Therefore, many how deduced that the adequacy of socialising in the home by parents is likely to have an effect and possible even result in teenage criminal and deviant behaviour. This essay will therefore discuss how far sociologists would agree that teenage criminal and deviant behaviour results from parents failing to socialise their children correctly. According to functionalists, one of the key roles of parents is to appropriately socialise children to become good citizens of society. However, in conjunction to this, it has also been theorised that failure to appropriately socialise a child at home may lead to criminal and/or deviant behaviour later on in life. This may be that the parents them self’s display criminal and/or deviant behaviour, which that child them copy’s and learns. The new right approach for example theorises that children from a parentally deprived home are more likely to look for guidance and comfort elsewhere and are more prone to crime. They are therefore more likely to find role models in such situations who they aspire to grow up like. The Marxist theory of alienation however is another factor that sociologists have recognised. Marxist theorise that young, impressionable adolescences often feel pressurised by those in power who often use the law to benefit themselves and are therefore forced in to demeaning work. Due to this, many turn to crime in order to be able to control what they do but also get certain objects that they may not have been able to receive should they have stayed on the other side of the law, objects which the rich and powerful are usually the only ones to receive. Therefore, Marxists would agree that while failure to properly socialise children is an important factor in why teenagers turn to crime and delinquency, the oppression of the bourgeois is just as far reaching. In regards to teenage behaviour, labelling is a common factor found right across the board. Whether it is in school, in peer groups, in the neighbourhood or even in the home, labelling can eventually lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy. If a child is labelled as a delinquent early on in life, it is extremely likely that that child will eventually become to believe it they are told it enough. They will therefore begin in act as they have been labelled and become criminal and/or deviant. Many sociologist would agree that labelling is a major factor in why teenager criminally and/or deviantly. Another factor is peer pressure within a sub-culture. Sub-cultures are a common day thing in many environments, especially in school. Most of them in areas of material and capital deprivation have developed a laddish sub-culture, where you must be tough and hard in order to be popular where as those who do well in academics are often viewed as uncool and nerdy. Therefore, many teenagers are pressured in to behaving criminally and or/deviantly by the threat of being socially outcast and labelled as uncool by their peers. Therefore, many sociologists would agree that peer pressure within a sub-culture does affect the criminal and/or deviant behaviour of teenagers today, possibly more so than poor socialisation in some situations. In this essay, I have explained four different factors that can affect how deviant and/or criminal teenagers behave in today’s society. However, although poor parenting may result in teenager criminal and deviant behaviour, other factors such as the Marxist theory of alienation, labelling and peer pressure within a sub-culture affect teenagers just as much as poor socialisation by parents.

Years of Change essays

Years of Change essays 4. The hopes and dreams of the League of Nation were quite realistic, although they simply rushed into them to fast. First of all, they tried to maintain the Treaty of Versailles. This frustarated Germany from the start, because they felt as though their honor was robbed from them. Later on, the League did not even notice the country reassembling their military troops, something the treaty outlawed. Trying to keep peace between Germany and the rest of the world was a realistic goal, but they simple did not go about it in the right way. Another reason that their realistic dreams of peace did not work was because they got started during an economical slump. The aftermath of the war left many countries with little money and trying to maintain perfect peace with no supplies was hard for many to do. The goals of the League of Nations were not complete quixotic, but they were just brought about in the wrong time, with the wrong forces behind it. 5. The Locarno treaty was very significant in the fact that it showed peace almost to be possible. Signed in 1925, the treaty was a reinforcement of the Treaty of Versailles. It seemed to secure peace between Europe's two biggest enemies; France and Germany. Germany decided to join the League of Nations after the signing of this treaty, putting her back into the international community. The League believed that after the signing of this treaty, a new era of peace would begin. Yet, each had a weakness that proved to be it's fatal flaw. The treaty of Lacarno was quite important in the fact that it showed the League of Nations dreams to be somewhat realistic. Although they had their problems, for one moment in time, there was peace between the worst of rivals. This shows that even though the League, to many, failed, it accomplished to demonstrate the kind of peace they were aiming for, even if it was only for a split second. 6. The economy collapse and the following of the Wall ...

How to Make a Thesis

How to Make a Thesis How to Make a Thesis How to Make a ThesisYou can make hundreds of attempts to formulate a thesis statement, still, fail to do it. The reason is that it is difficult to make a thesis from scratch. Developing a thesis statement is not the outburst of inspiration but rather a task that requires some time to accomplish it successfully. So, if you want to know how to make a thesis statement, you have come to the right place. In this article, you will find some tips on how to make a thesis successfully. While PhD thesis writing is not easy and you must follow specific thesis format. How to make a thesis: Tip 1. Develop your personal position on the problemReading what others think about the question you are researching may turn out to be rather useful in case you know a little about the matter. Your position may coincide with someone elses or may differ cardinally from already adopted viewpoints. The key point is that you should truly believe in what you are talking about. Do not be inclined to others point of view only because you cannot shape your own position. This will only make it more difficult for you to support it. How to make a thesis: Tip 2. Formulate your main ideaTry to make your message specific rather than vague or general. What is more, do not make it too long. One or maximum two sentences will be quite enough. Write it somewhere on a sheet of paper. This thesis is not final yet. You will come back to it as soon as your paper is completed.How to make a thesis: Tip 3. Conduct researchWhile researching the topic, some information that yo u may find in the sources may turn out much useful. They can help you in formulating and improving your thesis statement. So, make notes on the information that can be included into your thesis statement.How to make a thesis: Tip 4. Come back to your thesis and think what might be changedIt is important to keep your thesis flexible until the investigation is actually finished. If you do it, you will not have any difficulties with rewriting it later. So, after you finish researching the topic, come back to your thesis statement and think what can be changed. A thesis statement is an important element of any paper, it is the framework that every paper is based on. So, it is extremely important to know how to make a thesis correctly. Follow our guidelines and you will learn writing a research paper without any problems!

Business Ethics is Not an Option Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Ethics is Not an Option - Essay Example Analysis leads to the conclusion that observance of business ethics is not optional. Every business venture aims at flourishing in the modern marketplace. There are several methods of achieving including the application of marketing strategies for sales increase, manufacturing and production concepts for cost-effectiveness and organizational management for over-all company harmony. However, the concept of an ethically-run business as necessary for the company to succeed is becoming more and more recognized. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a by word for many business professionals. Although it is generally observing ethics and morals in business dealings, CSR is thought to comprise of activities such as supporting charities is CSR, funding anti-crime and poverty programs, exceeding legal or regulatory obligations in areas of business operation such as health and safety and consumer rights, managing the supply chain to ensure that suppliers respect human rights is CSR and taking measures to ensure that products do not harm the environment. (Kotler and Nancy 2004, p. 3) Our concern is not so much in defining CSR but in determining whether the observance of business ethics is optional or not. This paper will argue that business ethics is necessary and beneficial for the business firm. ... Increased Job Performance Quality The reason why a field in business called Human Resources Management (HRM) exists is that it was long recognized that there is a need to ensure that employee issues are properly addressed. One of the secrets of successful business companies is that they were able to derive extra commitment from all employees resulting to unprecedented quality and responsiveness in products and services along with heroic frugality, incredible levels of integration and collaboration within and without the organizations, and especially to pull off continuous, brilliant, and cheap innovation. According to the only way one can "manage" high level human output is to set the conditions for everyone doing their best: including support of the core competencies of people, their ability to self-organize, their ability to change and grow. A company can achieve this if it fosters trust and build organizational cultures in which freedom and personal initiative can cohabit with cooperation, caring and a highly integrated harmony. Only thru a sincere observance of business ethics can the company assure that its employees do not stage rallies, release negative public statements regarding the company, resign and reveal company trade secrets. Being ethical also helps in attracting excellent and skilled professionals to work for the company. The Industrial Society for the UK (in Price 2002) reports that "82% of UK professionals claimed that they would not work for an organisation whose values they did not believe in" and that "among smaller businesses, the survey showed that 62% of owner managers were influenced by their employees to be more socially active." Consumer Preference Observing moral and ethical values in the conduct of business does not